human biology lab

Question 1

ligaments

Answer 1

bone to bone

Question 2

tendons

Answer 2

bone to muscle

Question 3

what connective tissue makes up ligaments and tendons?

Answer 3

collagen

Question 4

what are the lines visible on skeletal muscles representing collections of muscle fibre?

Answer 4

sarcomeres

Question 5

which organs are situated below the diaphragm

Answer 5

right: spleen & kidney
left: liver & kidney

Question 6

which dome of the diaphragm higher?

Answer 6

left (due to liver below)

Question 7

term for a single muscle cell

Answer 7

muscle fibre

Question 8

how does the oesophagus move food to stomach?

Answer 8

via waves of peristalsis

Question 9

what muscle allows for peristalsis?

Answer 9

• smooth muscle
• spindle shape
• involuntary contractions (start process of swallowing but cannot complete it)

Question 10

function of the epiglottis?

Answer 10

stops food going down the trachea

Question 11

why is the left lung smaller and only has 2 lobes?

Answer 11

• because of its smaller size
• heart is located slightly to the left

Question 12

which 2 heart chambers does the tricuspid valve seperate?

Answer 12

right atrium to right ventricle

Question 13

how many leaflets does the mitral valve have?

Answer 13

• 2
• 2 cusps -> bicuspid

Question 14

what type of muscle consituates the myocardium?

Answer 14

cardiac muscle

Question 15

which ventricle wall is thicker? why?

Answer 15

• left
• needs to pump blood to the rest of the body

Question 16

heart chamber & major vessel

Answer 16

• superior & inferior vena cava = left atrium
• pulmonary veins = right atrium
• pulmonary trunk = right ventricle
• aorta = left ventricle (to body)

Question 17

duodenum forms initial portion of which organ?

Answer 17

small intestine

Question 18

why does the pancreas need to be close to the duodenum?

Answer 18

it secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine

Question 19

which lobe of the liver is the largest?

Answer 19

right lobe

Question 20

what colour is the gall bladder? why?

Answer 20

• black
• due to dead red blood cells
• bile contained in it

Question 21

approximate diameter of the vena cava in the abdomen?

Answer 21

2cm