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LHT2 > Hubbard 1 CIS > Flashcards

Hubbard 1 CIS Flashcards

1
Q

causes of leukocytosis

A
  • benign causes more common than malignant causes!!
  • anything that can cause inflammation can cause leukocytosis!
  • drugs!!! (glucocorticoids)
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2
Q

pts who smoke might have what?

A

neutrophilia

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3
Q

causes of neutropenia

A
  • benign causes much more common than malignant
  • infections, esp viruses
  • drugs!!
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4
Q

neutropenia- other causes?

A
  • medications
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • sequestration
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5
Q

old person marrow

A

-takes longer for bone marrow to release white cells

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6
Q

acute and chronic leukemia

A
  • acute- immature precursor cells (blast cells)

- chronic- more mature appearing cells

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7
Q

Leukemia- etiology

A
  • toxins, drugs, chemicals
  • benzene- AML!!
  • treatment-related AML (pts who received chemotherapy for other cancers)
  • alkylators!!
  • radiation (except CLL)
  • virus-mediated chromosomal alterations
  • hereditary dz
  • myelodysplastic syndromes
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8
Q

older pts with mild pancytopenia and macrocytosis- dx?

A

-myelodysplasia or early AML!!

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9
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A
  • major genesis- chromosomal damage
  • CML
  • chrom 9 and 22 translocation
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10
Q

cornerstone dx in all leukemias

A

-chromosomal studies (cytogenetics)

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11
Q

acute leukemia- clinical presentation

A
  • rapid onset

- if untreated- median survival is <3 months

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12
Q

chronic leukemia- clinical presentation

A
  • very slow onset, chronic course

- 1/2 of pts with CLL are still alive and have not required tx 6 yrs after dx

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13
Q

leukemia- presentation

A
  • fever, easy bruising, fatigue, weight loss, SOB
  • acute leukemias- bone pain
  • chronic- usually asymptomatic
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14
Q

Sweet’s syndrome

A

(AFND- acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)

  • cutaneous manifestation of AML
  • bx shows myeloblasts in dermis
  • tx- management of AML
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15
Q

Auer rods

A
  • azurophilic rods in cytoplasm in pts with AML

- resemble a bundle of sticks (fagot cells)

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16
Q

gingival hypetrophy

A

-most common in M4 and M5 variants (monocytic) variants of AML

17
Q

smudge cells

A

-in CLL

18
Q

DIC in what pt? tx? cytogenetic?

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia

  • fibrinogen low, D-dimer elevated
  • tx- ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid)
  • t(15;17)
19
Q

leptomeningeal carcinomatosis- in who? cytogenetic? tx?

A
  • in 30% of pts with ALL- diplopia is a sx
  • t(4;11)
  • intrathecal methotrexate!!
20
Q

AML- M1 and M2- cytogenetics

A

-t8;21

21
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome- cytogenetics

A
  • trisomy 8
  • 7q-
  • inversion 16
22
Q

how to evaluate a lymphoproliferative disorder

A

-peripheral blood lymphocyte flow cytometry

23
Q

TRAP stain of peripheral blood lymphocytes- used for?

A

-HAIRY cell leukemia!

24
Q

RAI stage- (for CLL)- peripheral blood flow cytometry

A
  • 0- lymphocytosis
  • 1- plus lymphadenopathy
  • 2- plus hepatosplenomegaly
  • 3- plus anemia (Hg < 11)
  • 4- plus thrombocytopenia (platelets < 100,000)
25
Q

CLL- tx?

A

-observation (if indolent- may never require tx

26
Q

lymphoma- clinical pearls

A
  • LNs are non-tender, rubbery
  • pain in LNs after beer drinking (in HL)
  • back pain, leg edema- suggest retroperitoneal LN enlargement
27
Q

Richter’s syndrome

A
  • CLL- develops into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

- tough to kill

28
Q

B symptoms

A
  • fever, drenching night sweats, 10% weight loss in last 6 months
  • likely paraneoplastic
  • worse prognosis
29
Q

inc risk for primary CNS lymphoma?

A

-immunosuppressed pts

30
Q

lymphomas can be linked to an infectious agent

A
  • EBV- HD, Burkitt

- H pylori- gastric MALT lymphoma

31
Q

cervical adenopathy- consider?

A

-infection, lymphoma, unusual disorders (Kikuchi dz, TB)

32
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma- tx?

A
  • early stage- radiation

- late stage- chemotherapy

33
Q

Burkitt lymphoma- cytogenetifsc

A

t8;22

34
Q

Ann Arbor stage (for lymphomas)

A
  • 1A- 1 LN on 1 side of diaphragm
  • IIA- 2 noncontiguous LNs on 1 side of diaphragm
  • IIIA- both sides of diaphragm
  • IVA- mult sites on both sides of diaphragm OR bone marrow involvement!

LHT2 (17 decks)

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