HTN/HF

Question 1

Lisinopril

Answer 1

Hypertension
Heart Failure
(HF)
Diabetic
nephropathy
Adverse: Vasodilation,
hypotension
dizziness
↑serum K;
↓Sodium
Cough
Pancytopenia
-Allergy causes
Angioedema; esp. in
African Americans
Oral: take on an
empty stomach 1
hour before or 2
hours after meals.
↓ dose in renal
failure
Avoid salt substitutes

Question 2

Lorsartan

Answer 2

Hypertension
HF (if can’t take
ACE)
May slow
progression of
diabetic
nephropathy
and renal
disease in those
with both HTN
and DM
Adverse: Hypotension
headache,
dizziness
Angioedema (rare)
Cough * not as
severe
Oral
-Contraindication:
hypovolemia (blocks
compensatory
mechanisms)
Caution: renal and
hepatic disease

Question 3

Diltiazem/Verapamil

Answer 3

Angina
Hypertension
Arrhythmias:
atrial fibrillation
Adverse: dizziness
hypotension,
bradycardia,
peripheral edema
flushing,
nausea
-Take on an empty
stomach
DO NOT cut in half,
chewed, crushed
CCB’s interact with
grapefruit juice to
↑serum levels to
toxic levels

Question 4

Hydralazine

Answer 4

Severe HTN
HTN
emergencies
Adverse: Hypotension;
Reflex tachycardia
-Oral, IV, IM
Contraindication:
cerebral insufficiency
(will worsen the
condition)

Question 5

Digoxin

Answer 5

Heart Failure
Atrial
arrhythmias
Toxic:
headache, anorexia,
nausea and
vomiting,
weakness, halo
vision and
arrhythmias
Children are more
prone to toxicities
Oral, IV
Take apical pulse 1
full minute before.
IV Administration:
Give slowly over 5
minutes
Contraindicated
many arrhythmias
Many herbs’
interactions.
Caution in renal pts.
↓ K leads to higher
chance for toxicity

Question 6

Milrinone

Answer 6

Short term
treatment
HF that has not
responded to
digoxin and
diuretics
Adverse: Hypotension,
arrhythmias, chest
pain,
Burning at IV
site
Administered IV
Contraindicated in
MI
Caution in elderly

Question 7

Lisinopril Class

Answer 7

Angiotensin-
converting-enzyme
(ACE) Inhibitors.
Acts in lungs to block
ACE from converting
angiotensin I to II
Prevents
vasoconstriction and
aldosterone release -
↓ BP

Question 8

Lorsartan Class

Answer 8

Angiotensin II
Receptor Blockers.
Binds with receptors
of Angiotensin II in
vascular smooth
muscle to ↓ BP

Question 9

Diltiazem/Verapamil Class

Answer 9

Calcium Channel
Blockers.
Inhibit movement
calcium ions
↓ cardiac workload
and myocardial
oxygen consumption
↓ BP

Question 10

Hydralazine Class

Answer 10

Vasodilators.
Direct vasodilator
↓ BP

Question 11

Digoxin Class

Answer 11

Cardiac Glycosides↑ force Heart
Contraction
↑ cardiac output
↓ heart rate.

Question 12

Milrinone Class

Answer 12

Phosphodiesterase
Inhibitors.
↑ cardiac
contraction