Cardio drugs Flashcards
Aspirin
Prevent CV
occlusion
MI Prevention of
reinfarction after
MI
Adverse: Bleeding
bruising, bleeding
while brushing
teeth
Nausea and GI
distress
rash
Cautions: Known
bleeding disorders,
recent surgery,
Closed head injuries
(risk of bleeding from
injured vessels)
Pregnancy (benefits
to mother outweigh
risk to fetus)
Clopidogrel/Ticagrelor
CV disease that
produces
occluded vessels
Graft
maintenance and
following stent
placement
Adverse: Bleeding
rash
oral
Some people are
Clopidogrel resistant.
Many drug / drug
and drug herb
interactions
If used with
omeprazole may ↓
antiplatelet effects
Stop 7 days before a
procedure due to ↑
bleeding risk
Warfarin
Atrial fibrillation Adverse: Bleeding. Route: Oral
Onset 3 days, lasts
for 3-5 days.
Many drug-drug
interactions and
drug / food
interactions (Vit K)
Contraindicated in
pregnancy
Antidote:Vit K
Eat same amount of
green leafy
vegetables.
If changing from
heparin to warfarin,
keep on heparin until
warfarin is at
therapeutic level
Monitor PT and INR.
Therapeutic: PT /INR
Ratio: 2-3
Heparin sodium
Prevent and treat
venous
thrombosis, PE,
atrial fib
Prevents clotting
in Central Lines
and Dialysis lines
Treatment MI and
CVA
Adverse: Bleeding,
Heparin-induced-
thrombocytopenia
(HIT)
Route:
subcutaneously or IV
Has an immediate
onset
Heparin does not
enter breast milk –
safe for pregnant
female
Strengths:
Heparin lock- 100
Heparin injectable
1000-5000
Monitor aPTT
Therapeutic is 1.5-
2.5 times control
Enoxaparin
Prevent DVT
Adverse: Bleeding.
It has fewer adverse
effects than
Heparin.
DO NOT use
together.
Route: Subcutaneous
Administration:
“love handles” or
abdomen
Do not eject air bolus
from syringe before
giving medication
Contraindication:
Hypersensitivity to
protamine
Epoetin Alfa
Treat anemia in
renal failure,
chronic kidney
disease, HIV,
chemotherapy
Adverse: Headache,
arthralgias
nausea, vomiting,
diarrheas
HTN
Route: IV or
subcutaneous
Peaks 5-24 hours,
lasts 24 hours
Ferrous Sulfate
Iron deficiency
anemia
GI: GI upset,
Dark stools,
constipation
Adverse: seizures,
coma, death with
an overdose of iron
Usual Route: Oral
Oral Liquid: Give
using a straw to
avoid teeth staining
Take on an empty
stomach with full
glass of water or
juice (may give with
meal if GI upset
occurs)
Other routes:
IM (z track Injection:
IV – monitor IV site
for irritation
