HTN Flashcards
What is HTN?
Elevation in pressure from normal
What is systolic vs diastolic?
Cardiac contraction and after contraction when the cardiac chambers are filling
What is MAP? Who do you calculate it?
Average pressure throughout cardiac cycle of contraction
MAP=1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP
MAP= CO x PVR
CO=HR x SV
How does increasing CO lead to high BP?
How does increasing PVR lead to high BP?
What are the infrarenals of the RAAS?
- Renal purfusion pressure
- Catecholamines
- Angiotensin II
What are the extrarenals of RAAS?
Na+, K+, Cl-
Describe the presynaptic regulations of HTN?
Describe the postsynaptic regulations of HTN?
Describe the endothelial mechanisms?
Vasodilating substances → prostacyclin, bradykinin, nitric oxide
Vasoconstricting substances → angiotensin IIand endothelin I
What are the consequences of HTN?
- Stroke
- MI
- HF
- Angina
- Vision loss
- Kidney failure
What are some modifiable risk factors?
- Smoking
- DM
- Obesity/Physical inactivity
- DIet
- High cholesterol
What is normotensive?
What is elevated BP?
What is Stage 1 BP?
What is Stage 2 BP?
What is HTN crisis number?
What is essentinal HTN?
No underlying cause
What is secondary HTN?
Identifiable cause
What is resistant HTN?
≥130/80 mm Hg with concurrent use of 3 antiHTN meds of different classes
What is masked HTN?
Elevated BP at home despite office BP lower than 140/90
What is white coat HTN?
Normal BP at home but elevated in office
What are the environmental causes of essential HTN?
- Obesity
- Sodium intake
- Potassium intake
- PE
- Alcohol intake
What are common causes of secondary HTN?
- Renal disease
- Renovascular disease
- Aldosteronism
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Drugs or alcohol