How Nerves Work 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a ligand?

A

A substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some examples of graded potentials?

A

Generator potential (at sensory receptor)

Postsynaptic potential (at synapses)

Endplate potential (at neuromuscular junction)

Pacemaker potential (in pacemaker tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the job of the graded potential?

A

To get the cell to threshold and fire an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are graded potentials decremental?

A

They don’t trevel very well along membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does decremental mean?

A

Process of gradually becoming less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are graded potentials decremental?

A

The current flows out of the graded potential as it travels along the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What distance can graded potentials travel?

A

Only short due to being decremental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are graded potentials graded?

A

They may be of a higher intensity or a lower intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the size of the graded potential proportional to?

A

The size of the stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Show how graded potentials can be polarising or depolarising on a graph?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the threshold for opening Na+ gated channels and firing an action potential?

A

-55mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an excitatiry post synaptic potential (EPSP)?

A

Anything that takes the potential towards threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP)?

A

Anything that takes the potential away from threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens once a graded potential reaches threshold?

A

An action potential is fired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does a channel being part of the receptor affect the response?

A

Channel/receptor combinations produce a faster response, whereas if the channel uses a seperate receptor it produces a slower response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What channels produce an IPSP response?

A

Cl- (fast)

K+ (slow)

17
Q

Do Cl- channels produce a fast or slow response?

A

Fast

18
Q

Do K+ channels produce a fast or slow response?

A

Slow

19
Q

What channels produce an EPSP?

A

Na+ (fast, also permeable to K+ due to them both having a charge of +1)

Closing leaky K+ (slow)

20
Q

Do Na+ channels produce a fast or slow response?

A

Fast

21
Q

Does closing leaky K+ channels create a fast or slow response?

A

Slow

22
Q

What are presynaptic potentials generated by?

A

Neurotransmitter opening or closing ion channels

23
Q

Are graded potentials generated by ligand or voltage gated channels?

A

Ligand

24
Q

Are action potentials generated by voltage or ligand gated channels?

A

Voltage

25
Q

What is synaptic integration?

A

The summation of graded potentials to reach threshold

26
Q

Why are graded potentials generated next to the axon (where the axon potential is generated) more likely to reach threshold than one further away?

A

Graded potentials are decrimental

27
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

Stimulating the same potential one after an other

28
Q

What is spatial summation?

A

Stimulating two potentials at the same time

29
Q

What kinds of synapses can summate?

A

Both inhibatory and excitatory

30
Q

Where do synapses that are IPSP tend to be located?

A

On the soma