Anatomy of Muscles and Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some functions of muscles?

A

Muscles are used for:

Movement (of the skeleton, intestines, heart and blood vessels)

Static support

Heat production

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A

The 3 types of muscles are:

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

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3
Q

How do skeletal muscles attach to the bone?

A

Skeletal muscles attach to the bone by tendons

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4
Q

Explain the shape of skeletal muscles?

A

Different skeletal muscles are different shapes to suit their function

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5
Q

What are tendons made of?

A

Dense connective tissue

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6
Q

What can tendons do?

A

Tendons can alter force direction

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7
Q

What do tendons not do?

A

Tendons do not shorten

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8
Q

What do muscles do to the joints the cross?

A

Muscles innervate the joints they cross by pulling them

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9
Q

How do muscles allow joints to perform different kinds of movements?

A

Muscles can wrap around joints in many ways to allow different kinds of movements

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10
Q

What do the muscles that innervate the elbow joint do?

A

Muscles allow the elbow joint to perform flexion or extension

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11
Q

What do muscles that innervate the shoulder joint do?

A

Muscles that innervate the shoulder joint stabalise the joint and allow its various movements

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12
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles within a compartment?

A

The same nerve usually supplies all the muscles within a compartment

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13
Q

What nerve supplies all the extensors in the upper limbs?

A

The radial nerve supplies all extensors in the upper limbs

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14
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 12 cranial and 31 spinal nerves

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15
Q

What are the different divisions of the nervous system?

A

The nervous system is composed of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

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16
Q

What are the two divisions of the autosomic nervous system?

A

The autosomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

17
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk?

A

The sympathetic trunk is a chain formed by the sympathetic ganglia which is close to the spinal cord, one on each side of the spinal cord

18
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor unit is a collection of muscle fibres

19
Q

What can myotomes and dermatomes be used for clinically?

A

Myotomes and dermatomes can be used clinically to test for lesions at specific levels of the spinal cord