How did Henry control the nobility? Flashcards

1
Q

How did Henry use the King’s/Great Councils to ensure loyalty?

A

Appointed people to important government positions, e.g. Richard Fox

227 attended the King’s Council during 1485-1509

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2
Q

How did Henry use the Order of the Garter to ensure loyalty?

A

Raised 37 new knights to the order e.g. Earl of Oxford - significant honour (Order of the Garter = chivalric order dating back to Edward III)

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3
Q

How did Henry use Acts of Attainder to keep the nobility in check?

A

Formally accused someone of treason and removed their lands and titles - e.g. Thomas Howard attainted in 1486 for fighting alongside Richard III

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4
Q

How did Henry use feudal dues to control the nobility?

A

It meant he could demand money under a number of circumstances such as wardship of controlling marriages (e.g. Katherine, dowager Duchess of Buckingham fined £7,000 for remarrying without the King’s permission)

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5
Q

How did Henry use Crown lands to control the nobility?

A

Act of Resumption 1486 - reclaimed all crown lands that had been given away during the Wars of the Roses - amount of crown lands 5x larger by later years of Henry VII’s reign than Henry VI’s

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6
Q

How did Henry use laws against retaining to control the nobility?

A

1485 - Lords and Commons had to swear not to retain illegally (£5 penalty charge per retainer)

1509 - nobles had to get a license to retain

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7
Q

How did Henry use bonds and recognisances to control the nobility?

A

Financial contracts to ensure loyalty - 36/62 noble families subject to these

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8
Q

How did the powers of JPs increase during Henry’s reign?

A

1485 - power to arrest poachers and hunters

1491 - power to grant bail

1495 - power to vet juries

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9
Q

How many earls did Henry create?

A

Edward IV had created 9 earls, but Henry only created 3: the Earls of Derby, Bath and Devon

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10
Q

How many viscounts and barons did Henry create?

A

Edward IV had created 2 viscounts and 13 barons, Henry created 2 viscounts and 8 barons (but only 3 of these were accompanied by land grants)

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11
Q

How many acts of attainder were passed during Henry’s reign?

A

138 attainders passed (but 46 reversed - Henry = lenient)

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12
Q

Examples of acts of attainder passed under Henry VII?

A

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey (attainder reversed in 1492)

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13
Q

How do attainders show Henry’s growing paranoia?

A

51 passed from 1504-9

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14
Q

Examples of income from attainders?

A

Thomas Tyrell paid £1,738 for the reversal of his and his father’s attainders

Stanley placed under attainder - fined £9,000 (when he only had £1k per annum income)

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15
Q

Example of penalty for retaining?

A

Lord Burgavenny - convicted in 1507 for retaining 471 men - fined £70,650!! (however, he was placed under a bond of £5,000 over 10 years, showing leniency on Henry’s part)

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16
Q

Example of Henry moving a noble away from his powerbase?

A

Earl of Surrey moved north as part of his attainder

17
Q

Income from feudal dues

A

Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Buckingham, fined £7,000 in 1496 for marrying without a license

Revenue from wardships and marriage - £350 in 1487, £6,000 in 1507

18
Q

Examples of bonds and recognisances

A

Marquis of Dorset fined £10,000 for suspected involvement in the Simnel plot

Earl of Westmorland, Earl of Northumberland, Viscount Beaumont of Powicke placed under a recognisance where, if they were disloyal, they had to pay £10,000

19
Q

How many bonds in the first ten years of Henry’s reign?

A

191

20
Q

How many nobles were there throughout Henry’s reign?

A

62 in 1485, 42 in 1509

21
Q

Historiography about Henry’s control of the nobility?

A

Caroline Rogers - ‘Loyalty and ability were Henry’s sole requirements in his most important servants; patronage had to be earned, it was not an automatic privilege of the upper class’