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Animal Production 3 > Horse 8- health management > Flashcards

Horse 8- health management Flashcards

1
Q

Role of equine vet

A
  1. advice on horse husbandry and management (nutrition, housing, life stage changes like weaning, growing, breeding, and performance)
  2. Biosecurity and disease prevention
    -on farm, community, nationally
    -vaccine and parasite control protocols
  3. Diagnose and treat disease and injury
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2
Q

Veterinarian-client-patient relationship

A
  1. presumption of trust and responsibility
    -client follows your instruction
  2. sufficient knowledge
    -vet has info on health, environment, need for care
    -through exams, visits of animals home, history
  3. Accessibility
    -vet is available for any emergencies
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3
Q

Herd health visits

A

-maintain good vet-client-patient relationship

-routine farm visits 1-2x/year

-opportunity to examine the horse in their environment when they are healthy

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4
Q

What is included in herd health visits?

A

-vaccines
-parasite control
-physical exam
-oral exam and dental float
-sheath clean
-coggins test for EIA
-routine blood work

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5
Q

Core vaccines

A

-tetanus
-Eastern encephalitis
-Western encephalitis
-West Nile Virus
-Rabies

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6
Q

Risk based vaccines

A

-Equine influenza
-Equine herpes virus-1 or 4
-Streptococcus equi equi (strangles)

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7
Q

Internal parasite control for mature horses older than 3yrs

A

-small strongyles
-use fecal egg counts to determine high shedders (>500)
-high shedders treated with anthelmintic 3-4x/year
-low shedders treated 1-2x/year
-macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, moxidectin)

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8
Q

Intestinal parasite control for immature horses less than 3yrs

A

-Ascarids
-Treat with anthelmintic at 2-3mths of age, then every 2mths until 12mths old

-Treat 2-4x/year from 1-3yrs
With fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate, macrocyclic lactones

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9
Q

FEC of horses under 3 yrs

A

-FEC at 10-12mths to determine small strongyle presence

-FEC 2-3x/yr from 1-3yrs to determine high and low shedders

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10
Q

External parasite control

A

Chemical and physical deterrents are possible

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11
Q

Common external parasites

A

-biting flies/insects
-lice
-ticks
-mites

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12
Q

Oral exam and dental float

A

-Exams at least once per year by vet

-look for loose teeth, gingivitis, diastemata, over growths, dental disease, soft tissue abnormalities
**floating=removes sharp points and overgrowths

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13
Q

Sheath cleaning

A

Remove built up dirt and debris from the sheath and around penis
*remove bean from urethral fossa
*examine for lesions and tumours = SCC, melanoma

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14
Q

Coggins Test

A

-tests for equine infectious anemia
-reportable disease in Canada

**many barns and competitions need negative test to board or participate

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15
Q

Routine bloodwork

A
  1. CBC and chem
    -important for NSAID treatments (PrevEquine: firocoxib)
  2. Testing for resting insulin and ACTH
    -EMS and PPID diagnosis and monitoring
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16
Q

Farrier Care

A

-every 6-8weeks
-start in first month of life and continue throughout life
-most horses only need regular trimming to maintain health

17
Q

Benefits of turnout

A

-increased bone density
-more social
-easier to train/handle
-fewer undesirable behaviours
-maintain level of fitness

18
Q

Importance of Exercise

A

-Increases level of fitness and improves behaviour
**important if turnout not possible (or in addition)

19
Q

Pasture Paradise

A

-includes having an existing and inside fence

-stimulates horses natural instinct to roam
-best for small spaces

20
Q

Stereotypies

A

Abnormal behaviour that serves no apparent function and is performed in a repetitive, invariant way
*prevention (naturally) is more effective than treatment

21
Q

What negative health effects can occur from stereotypies?

A

-have negative effects on health= dental problems and colic associated with cribbing and wind sucking

22
Q

Sick or injured horse care

A

-need to recognize abnormalities and apply basic first aid
*check once per day

-vet information should be posted in barn

-make sure clients are comfortable calling

23
Q

Common signs of illness

A

-change in behaviour
-inappetence
-change in consistency of feces
-unexplained weight change
-pain and discomfort
-signs of colic
-lameness
-swellings
-discharge from eyes, ears, nose
-coughing or difficulty breathing
-fever

24
Q

Owner first aid kit

A

-chlorhexadine

-bandage (non stick pads, gauze, vet wrap, tape, pillows and polo wraps)

-poultice material (sugar and iodine, animalintex pads)

-scissors

-duct tape

25
Q

What factors can affect biosecurity risk?

A

-number of horses
-age groups
-housing
-movement of horses
-vaccination status
-quarantine protocols
-movement of people
-protocols for sick horses

26
Q

Closed herd

A

no movement of animals or introduction of new animals from external environment
*risk is from environment and insects

27
Q

Open herd

A

New horses are routinely introduced to the herd or horses from different locations are brought together
*risk of disease spread from horse to horse

28
Q

Ways to decrease exposure to pathogens

A

-separate new horses, high risk horses (ill or exposed), susceptible horses (young, preg, senior)

-clean; hand hygiene; PPE

-limit public access

-traffic flow (direct and indirect contacts)

-pest and pasture management

29
Q

Ways to decrease susceptibility to disease

A

-nutrtion
-manage underlying disease
-reduce stress
-parasite control program
-annual horse health program

30
Q

How do you increase resistance to disease?

A

vaccination

31
Q

Ways to prevent infection and control it

A

-Decrease susceptibility through management

-vaccination

-proper, advised vet treatments

-test for infectious diseases

32
Q

What to do during a disease outbreak?

A

-determine diagnosis
-isolate affected and exposed animals
-PPE and cleaning
-movement of people on the farm… treat and feed sick last
-monitor exposed and healthy animals
-notification

33
Q

What are some notifiable diseases for horses?

A

-Strangles
-West nile virus
-EHV myeloencephalopathy

34
Q

Reportable diseases nationally

A

-Anthrax
-Equine infectious anemia
-Rabies
-Trichinellosis

Animal Production 3 (22 decks)

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