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Animal Production 3 > Beef 3 > Flashcards

Beef 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Management of newborn

A
  • ensure colostrum
    -ensure cow is mothering calf
    -vit E/selenium
    -dip navel
    -ID tag
    -record birth weight
    -dehorn/castrate under 7weeks of age OR weight till 1-2mths of age
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2
Q

Calf management at turn out

A

-clostridial vaccines
-optional histophilus somni vaccine
-optional resp vaccines (mannheimia hemolytica, P. multocida, IBR/BVD/BRSV)
-dehorning and castration
-growth implant for steer calves (not under 30 days of age)
-Vit E/selenium

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3
Q

Why castrate beef calves

A

-Bull calves discounted heavily and not given high prices for bull carcasses

-intact bulls hard to manage

-implanting at branding or turn out offsets weight gain disadvantage
eg. Ralgro or Synovex C

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4
Q

What are priority welfare issues?

A
  1. painful procedures
  2. feedlot health and morbidity
  3. environmental/housing
  4. weaning methods
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5
Q

Painful procedures

A

-dehorning
-castration
-branding

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6
Q

Issues with feedlot health and morbidity

A

-Bovine respiratory disease
-lameness
-nutritional disease linked with high concentrate feeding

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7
Q

Environmental and housing conditions

A

-mud
-extreme weather (heat vs cold)

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8
Q

Castration

A

-need pain control when castrating older than 6 mths

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9
Q

dehorning

A

-conduct as young as possible
-use pain control when dehorning after horn bud attachment

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10
Q

Castration of newborn calves

A

-best under 10 days old
-use elastrator bander

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11
Q

Castration when older

A

-surgical
-larger banders

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12
Q

Tetanus

A

-seen with older cattle being castrated with calicrate bander
**vaccinate before

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13
Q

Vaccines prior to breeding season

A
  1. modified live IBR/PI3, BVD, BRSV
  2. campylobacter fetus
  3. Leptospirosis
  4. Histophilus somni
  5. Clostridial vaccine booster (especially heifers)
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14
Q

Management of cow herd before breeding

A

-fly tags
-BCS
-weigh heifers to assess target weights
-reproductive tract scoring and pelvic measurements in heifers
-estrous synchronization for heifers
-bull evaluations for trichomoniasis

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15
Q

Objectives of reproduction in beef cattle

A

-high % of cows pregnant
-maximize weaning weights
-uniform calf crop= short breeding season
-want 1 calf/cow/year over 3-5 reproductive lifetime

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16
Q

Breeding season length

A

42-45 days for heifers
*breed heifers so that they calf as 2yr olds

63 days for cows

17
Q

What are some obstacles to the beef breeding system?

A
  1. fixed gestation length (282 days)
    *so must conceive within 85 days of calving
  2. delay in first estrus due to suckling
    *suckled beef cows do not begin estrous cycles for 40-60 days post calving
  3. conception rate is 60-70% max
18
Q

Main aspects of herd fertility

A
  1. Conception rates
  2. % females cycling
    *timing which is largely linked with body condition
19
Q

Restricted breeding season

A

-Creates a selection pressure for cow fertility

-Prevent loss in weaning weights
**reduction of 25-50lbs in calf weaning weights for every 21 days later in the calving season that the calf is born
**goal of 60% of calves born in 1st 21 days

-makes nutritional and vaccine management easier

20
Q

What is the best way to increase profit in beef industry?

A

Decrease the length of calving season

21
Q

Why breed heifers earlier than cows?

A

Breed 3-4 weeks before cows
-heifers have a longer anestrous period after calving, more likely to have dystocias, mismother, have less colostrum, and lower milk production
**give them a head start

22
Q

BCS at breeding

A

Min BCS of 2.5 at start of breeding
*may need to sort at weaning time to adjust for BCS

High demands of lactation make it hard to catch up after calving!!

23
Q

What is the main factor impacting post partum interval?

A

BCS
-need interval to stay the same each season because need calving at same part of year each year

-if you calve late, and have poor BCS then less likely to fall or catch up and reach the proper window

24
Q

Flushing

A

Feed cows increased energy rations so that they are gaining weight just prior to breeding season
-cows in positive energy balance are more likely to conceive
-cows with above avg weight gains on pasture were 2.16x more likely to be pregnant

25
Q

48 hour calf removal

A

-Difficult management procedure; not used in most herds

-removes the suckling effect to kick start estrous cycles on cows

-variable results; may work better on cows in poor BCS

26
Q

Managing heifers

A

Raise to reach target weights
65% of mature weight at breeding; 85% at calving

Feed appropriate ration

Select heifers from early calvers

27
Q

Heifer selection

A

-15-20% of cow herd replaced each year
-select 33-50% more heifers than required at weaning because this allows for culling those with poor yearling weights and ones that dont conceive

-usually equated to keeping 50-60% of heifer calf crop

28
Q

Replacements breeding

A

Replacements must be calving in first period or earlier (100 day PPI)

29
Q

Heifer breeding

A

time period from calving to cycling= 80-100 days
-calve 0-20 days ahead of cows
-heifer breeding season needs to start 30-42 days before cows
-cycling by 12-13.7 mths of age (born in first 42 days of breeding season)

30
Q

Mean age of puberty

A

11.5-14mths

31
Q

Breeding heifers before cows

A

at least 30 days before cows
-gives heifer chance to get pregnant in first 21 days of breeding season
-these heifers would need to be picked from 1st 42 day early calving season cows

32
Q

Breeding soundness of bulls

A

-testicular and scrotal development
-semen quality and volume
-ability to physically breed females
-libido or serving capacity

33
Q

Bull:cow ratio

A

Yearlings: 15-20

2 yr olds: 20-30

3+ years: 30-40

34
Q

Scrotal circumference

A

Max testicular size= 4-6yrs of age
-12-14 mths of age, bulls should have reached a min scrotal circumference of 32cm

35
Q

Scrotal circumference at 24mths

A

32cm: 13%

38cm: 88%

*if scrotal circumference is low as yearling then it will be low at maturity

36
Q

Cow-calf technology use

A

-50% individual animal records
-20% computer records, vet services, forage testing, implants/ionophores
-61% calving season
-7% use of nutritionist

37
Q

What are main vet services in beef cattle?

A

-semen testing
-preg checking

38
Q

Grazing management

A

Rotational or time controlled grazing is common and improves profit
-short periods of grazing
-plants have adequate time to recover before grazed again
-manure distributed evenly over pastures
-weed management

Animal Production 3 (22 decks)

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