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Animal Production 3 > Beef 4-winter > Flashcards

Beef 4-winter Flashcards

1
Q

When are calves weaned?

A

6-8mths
-pregnancy checking conducted shortly after this
-should be vaccinated 2-3weeks before weaning

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2
Q

Benefits of early weaning

A

-help cows to improve in body condition before coming off pasture
-may help to reduce winter feeding costs

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3
Q

Selling of calves

A

-Often sell calves at time of weaning
*better to spread out stressors and wean first and then background calves for short period before moving to feedlot

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4
Q

Fence line weaning & two stage weaning

A

reduce stress from weaning

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5
Q

Pregnancy checking benefits

A

Early detection of repro failure problems so that money is not wasted over winter
-allows for separation and grouping based on preg status and BCS
-allows producer to guarantee preg on females being sold

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6
Q

Parasite control in fall

A

Give endectocide in fall

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7
Q

How long are cattle within a herd? how many calves? Replacements?

A

Usually only in herd for 11 yrs max
-avg 5-6calves in cows lifetime
-min 15% of cows replaced yearly

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8
Q

Main reason for culling cows

A

Reproductive failure
**Others: age, cancer eye, udder, problems, lameness, worn teeth, prolapses, temperament

**means that genetic merit culling often not occurring based on numbers

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9
Q

Overwintering beef cows

A

Separate into groups based on age and BCS (2.5-3 at calving time)
-feed analysis for least cost rations
-methods of feeding impacts wastage

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10
Q

How to extend grazing season?

A

Use swatch grazing or alternative crops such as grazing corn
*lowers winter feed costs

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11
Q

Profitability criteria for cow calf herd

A

-calf crop percentage (reproduction)- number of calves weaned/cows exposed to the bull

-avg weaning weight of calves (growth)
*reproduction/calf survival
*calf growth

-annual cow cost

-selling price of calves (carcass quality)

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12
Q

Risk factors for herd fertility

A
  1. % of females cycling
  2. Conception rates
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13
Q

How to increase profit in cow-calf herds?

A
  1. increase ilbs of calf weaned/cow exposed to bull
  2. increase market value of calves weaned
  3. Reduce expenses of maintaining cow herd
    *lower feed costs without compromising nutritional factors/BCS
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14
Q

Top 5 ways low-cost producers reduce costs

A

-reduce supplemental feed costs

-rotational grazing and pasture management

  • right genetics

-reduce labour costs

-strong herd health program

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15
Q

Indicators of productivity

A
  1. growth
  2. open cows
  3. length of calving period
  4. Death losses
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16
Q

Weaning weights/sale weights of calves in western canada

A

570lbs

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17
Q

Open rate industry benchmark

A

7%

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18
Q

Length of calving period

A

Last calf date to the first calf date

63 days

19
Q

Death losses industry benchmark

A

4%

20
Q

Calving

A

Only easily accessible physiological event of life.

-21 day intervals
-goal 65% of herd to calve in first 21 day period
-27% in 22-42 days, 5% in 43-63 days

*median calving date of 18days

21
Q

Calf crop % target

A

85%
-lbs of calf weaned/cow

-reflects management of reproduction and calf mortality

22
Q

Weaning weight purpose

A

measures cows producing ability and sires genetic potential

23
Q

How is weaning weights misleading?

A

Bull calves> heifer calves

Calves from cows> calves from heifers

Older calves> younger calves

24
Q

Adjusted weaning weights

A

Simplest form simply adjusts for age of calves
-estimates a weaning weight as if all calves were weaned at 200 or 205 days of age

**gives unfair advantage to late calving cows

25
Q

Adjusted weaning weight formula

A

ADG= (weaning wt- birth wt)/age of calf

**can be adjusted by sex of calf by multiplying ADG by factors
Steer: 1.0
Bull calf: 0.95
Heifer calf: 1.05

26
Q

Target numbers

A
27
Q

Software programs

A

-many programs can be used to track weights, DNA testing, etc

ex. ICalve app

28
Q

DNA testing

A

-linked with production records
-$12-20/sample
-uses 120SNPS to determine which bull sired calf
**helps find best sires or worst

-can find vigour scores

29
Q

4 major bovine vaccine companies

A

-Boehringer
-Elanco
-Merck
-Zoetis

30
Q

Cattle viral vaccine coverage

A

-IBR
-PI3
-BRSV
-BVD 1 & 2

**modified live version and a killed version

**injectable and intranasal options

31
Q

FP on a vaccine

A

-fetal protection so therefore a cow vaccine
**without it could be a weaned calf or feedlot vaccine

32
Q

Other cattle vaccines

A
  1. Campylobacter fetus + leptospirosis
    *VL5
  2. Leptospirosis only
    *L5

3.Campylobacter fetus alone

33
Q

Bacterial vaccines for cattle

A

-Mannheimia hemolytica (MH)
-Pasteurella multocida (PM)

**can be in combination with virals

33
Q

Histophilus somni vaccines

A

-can be combined with viral vaccines or combined with clostridial vaccines

**Somnu

34
Q

Clostridial vaccines

A

C. chauvoei, septicum, novi, sordellii, perfinges C and D

**can be separate of combined with histophilus somni

35
Q

Tetanus vaccine

A

Covexin Plus
Merck

36
Q

Scour vaccines

A

-Scour bos 9 - heifers; 8-16weeks before calving and annual dose 8-10 weeks before calving

-scour bos 4- given to cows; 4 weeks before calving

37
Q

VAccination protocols at calving

A

Calving: weight and tag calves, vit E/selenium injection

38
Q

Vaccination protocols at branding/pasture turnout

A

-7 way clostridial +/- histophilus
-growth implant
-castrate
-dehorn

optional: viral 5 vaccine, Mannheimia hemolytica, intranasal vaccines vs injectable

39
Q

Vaccination of replacement heifers

A

-live viral 5 vaccine
-7 or 8 way clostridial +/- H somnus

Optional campylobacter/leptospirosis

40
Q

Vaccine protocols for cows

A

-viral 5 live vaccines

Optional campylobacter/leptospirosis

41
Q

Weaning in fall vaccine protocol

A
42
Q

Pregnancy exams for heifers and mature cows

A
43
Q

Pre calving exam

A

Animal Production 3 (22 decks)

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