Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Production 3 > Horse 4 > Flashcards

Horse 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Grazers

A

-horses spend at least 12 hrs per day eating/foraging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How often should a horse be fed?

A

At least 2 meals per day
*only 1 meal leads to:
*free choice feeding would be ideal but leads to obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hay nets

A

Good but normally horses eat with their heads lowered (natural grazing position)
*head down allows for normal drainage of airway (ie. dust)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Basic needs of horses

A

-forage
-water
-salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Forage feeding

A

Avg mature horse needs 2% of its BW in dry feed per day
**avg 500kg horse will consume 10kg of feed and majority should be forage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Forage types

A
  1. Hay
    -cut,dried, baled grass
  2. Pasture
  3. Processed feeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hay types

A

-grass (timothy, brome, rye, fescue, orchard
-legume (alfalfa)

**most the time forage will be a mix of the diffeerent types of hay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What effects quality of hay?

A

-Stage of growth

-Leaf:stem ratio

-degree of cure at time of cutting and bailing

**hay needs to be analyzed to know nutritional value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hay inspection

A

Should inspect hay for dust, mold, soil, weeds, and toxic plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pasture

A

-native or seeded (one or two nutrient rich grass planted in field)
*native usually less nutrition

-minimum 2 acres/horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Processed feeds

A

-Hay based (alfalfa, timothy)

-cubes

-pellets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Water requirements

A

Minimum of 5L/100kg of BW per day
-thermo-neutral temperatures
-minimum of 25L for the average sized horse per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effects water intake?

A

-size of horse
-temperature/season
-feed intake (amount)
-type of feed (forage vs. concentrate)
-physiological state (pregnant, lactating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Water components

A

<5000ppp TDS

<500ppm sulfates

<100ppm nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is snow sufficient for water?

A

No
-would need 6-10x volume of snow must be eater to meet water needs
-also uses energy to heat the snow (and may affect their body warmth, condition, and health)

**can increase risk of colic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Salt

A

-Given free choice or in ration
-Typically 2% BW in dry feed

-provides electrolytes to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What factors can lead to an increase in feed needs?

A

-growing
-pregnant or lactating
-cold weather (staying warm)
-exercise
-breeding stallions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metabolic syndrome and laminitis

A

-Makes it difficult to ensure they are meeting needs
*will likely need more than 2% BW dry feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Concentrates

A

-grain
-extruded feeds
-protein supplements

20
Q

Grain

A

Adds energy +/- protein
*most horses don’t need grain… race horses might because they have a higher metabolic demand

-includes oats, sweet feed, barley, corn

21
Q

Processing of grain

A

May increase digestibility
-involves cracked, rolled, crushed

22
Q

Extruded feeds

A
  1. Complete feed: used when forage quantity and quality is low or when forage cannot be fed
  2. Supplemental feeds: high fat, starch, or protein feeds to add calories
23
Q

Protein supplements

A

-soybean or milk based
-part of or added to concentrate ration

24
Q

Who do you typically given protein supplements to?

A

-lactating mares
-geriatrics
-debilitated horses
-elite performance horses
-orphan foals - milk replacers, creep foals

25
Q

Minerals

A
  1. Blocks
    -salt
    -salt and iodine
    -mixed mineral
  2. Powders
    -used as a top dress on concentrate ration
26
Q

Vitamins

A

-powders, liquids, pastes
-B complex, C and E most commonly supplemented
**Vit E is a free radical scavenger so probably most important

27
Q

Supplements

A

1.ration balancers

  1. Body system specific supplements
28
Q

Ration balancer

A

-extruded pellets or powders
-contain concentrated vitamins and minerals
-intended to be added to pasture or hay diet

29
Q

Body system specific supplements

A

-joint health
-hoof health
-GI health

30
Q

Fibre

A

-may be used when traditional forages are scarce or as a base for feeding powdered supplements
*includes beet pulp (soak before), bran, grain hulls, extruded fibre supplements

31
Q

Issue with beat pulp

A

-Need to soak before because saliva will cause it to expand
**leads to choke

32
Q

What should feeding programs be based on?

A

-age
-weigh and BCS
-activity level
-management (extensive vs. intensive)
-available feeds (Season, geography)

33
Q

Requirements of feeding programs

A

-All should be forage based

-make feed changes gradually

34
Q

Feeding during cold weather

A

Below 5 C, need more forage to maintain BW and Body temp
-need to increase hay feed because will increase temp from inside
-concentrated feed may help with added BW to horses with poor dentition to keep them warmer

35
Q

Feeding for mares and foals

A

Add o.5-0.75% BW concentrates to mares diet in last trimester of gestation and during early ingestion
*Dams milk sufficient for foal during first 6-8wks of life
*Creep feed offered at 0.5-1% of foals BW/day (max 5lbs)

36
Q

Feeding growing horses

A

-Usually consume 3% of BW/day
-Best to give them free choice of hay
-Weanlings can be feed creep feed at 1% BW/day

**Feed horses under 2yrs separately from the rest of the herd (dominance isssues)

37
Q

Feeding horses in work

A

-increases concentrates to add energy and protein
-offer free choice feeding or multiple meals (which helps reduce risk of gastric ulcers)

38
Q

Common issues with feeding geriatric horses

A
  1. Poor dentition
    -slow intake, risk of choke
  2. Poor appetite
    -latrogenic (pergolide used to treat PPID but is an inappetant)
    -Pain (arthritic, loose teeth, EOTRH)
  3. Increased nutrient requirements

**Overall need good quality soft feed

39
Q

Feeding for weight loss

A

-Avoid all concentrates and treats

-Weigh meals (No free choice hay)

-Gradual reduction in feed offered

40
Q

Weight loss feeding per day

A

Start at 2% BW/day
-reduce to 1.5% BW/day over 2-3weeks

*stop reducing feed once weight loss is noticed

41
Q

Feeding following starvation

A

Refeeding must be slow and gradual for horses that have BCS 1-2/9
-initially restrict NSC to <20%
-should be mostly hay (15% NSC) and supplement

42
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

-feeding to fast and too much at once

-results in a fatal shift in fluids and electrolytes

43
Q

What diseases require additional diet management?

A

-PSSM
-RER
-HYPP
-Equine asthma
-EMS, PPID, obesity
-Vit E related diseases

44
Q

Body condition score

A

Monitor SQ fat deposits to determine changes in health and feeding
**along the neck, along the withers, ribs, behind the shoulder

45
Q

Neck Crest score

A

From 0-5
0: no fat
1-2: ideal
3: crest will start to fill
4: crest enlarged but can no longer be cupped in one hand
5. Crest droops to one side

Animal Production 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions