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Animal Production 3 > Horse 1 > Flashcards

Horse 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mare

A

Mature female, greater than 4 yrs

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2
Q

Stallion

A

mature male, intact, greater than 4 yrs

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3
Q

Gelding

A

castrated male horse

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4
Q

Filly

A

immature female horse, less than 4 yrs

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5
Q

Colt

A

immature male horse, less than 4 yrs

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6
Q

Breed

A

repeatable phenotype with a historical pedigree and registry

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7
Q

Hands high (HH)

A

measurement of the horse from the ground to the withers

1 hand=4 inches

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8
Q

Owner

A

The person who owns the horse and generally pays the bills
-may or may not be main rider or caretaker

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9
Q

Trainer

A

The person who trains the horse to compete
-may or may not also train the rider or manage the horse

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10
Q

Rider

A

The person who rides the horse (may be the owner)

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11
Q

Coach

A

The person who trains the rider

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12
Q

Farrier

A

Trained professional who trims horse feet and applies shoes

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13
Q

Broke

A

The horse is trained to be ridden

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14
Q

Green

A

the horse is inexperienced

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15
Q

Lungeing (UK)/ Longeing (US)

A

exercise or training technique where the horse is moved around a handler in a circle on a long line

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16
Q

Tack

A

equipment used for handling or riding the horse

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17
Q

Grooming supplies

A

-brushes, hoof pick, anything used to clean horse

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18
Q

Horse categories

A

More than 200 breeds of horses

-hot blood, cold blood, warm blood
-heavy horses/draft horses vs light horses
-ponies, miniatures
-saddle horses, harness horses
-registered grade horses

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19
Q

Draft horses/heavy horses

A

-clysdesdale, Belgian, Percheron, Suffolk Punch, Shire

-tall, muscular, broad back, feathered distal limbs

-16-19HH

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20
Q

Uses of Draft horses/heavy horses

A

-Bred to pull- farming, logging carts, wagons, sleigh, showing

-variety of sports

-single or in a team

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21
Q

Warmblood/medium weight horses

A

-Hanoverian, Trakehner, Oldenburg, Dutch WB, Canadian WB

-refined features, no feathering

-15-18HH

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22
Q

Breeding Warmblood/medium weight horses

A

-many registries have open studbooks
-do not need 2 pureblood parents
-accept animals of similar phenotypes to improve the breed

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23
Q

Uses of warmblood/medium weight horses

A

-bred to excel at competitive English riding such as dressage and jumping

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24
Q

Light horse

A

-Arabian, Quarter horse, Thouroughbred, Paint horse, Morgan

-more than 14.2HH

-each breed has specific characteristics, generally smaller/lighter build

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25
Q

Uses of light horse

A

Bred for specific sport or pleasure
-track racing, endurance racing, cow horse/western sports, harness, halter

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26
Q

Pony

A

-shetland, connemara Pony, Hackney, Pony of the Americas, Welsh Pony

-shorter than 14.2HH

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27
Q

Phenotypic distinctions of Pony

A

-thicker coat, mane, tail
-short/stocky legs
-wider barrels
-shorter/thicker neck
-braod forehead

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28
Q

Uses of Pony

A

-riding, sport, pulling carts
-very high sure-footedness

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29
Q

Miniature Horse

A

-American Miniature horses, Falabella, Dutch miniature

-Less than 8.2HH

-legs longer than the body is deep, more refined structure than some small ponies

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30
Q

Uses of miniature horse

A

-companion animals, harness, in hand sport

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31
Q

Donkeys

A

-make up 2/3rd of worlds equid population
*working animals

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32
Q

Common sizes of donkeys

A
  1. miniature
  2. Standard (small and large varieties)
  3. Mammoth
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33
Q

Genetic differences between donkey, horse, mule

A

Donkey: 62 chromosomes

Horse: 64 chromosomes

Mule: 63 chromosomes = INFERTILE

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34
Q

Use of mules

A

-strength, endurance, surefootedness of donkey
-athletic ability and speed of a horse

-used for both work and sport

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35
Q

Drove/herd/pace

A

-group of donkeys

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36
Q

Jack

A

Male donkey

37
Q

Jenny

A

female donkey

38
Q

Mule

A

horse dam/donkey sire

39
Q

Hinny

A

donkey dam/horse sire

40
Q

Mare/molly

A

female mule

41
Q

Horse mule/john mule

A

Male mule

42
Q

Hule

A

horse sire/mule dam

43
Q

Jule

A

donkey sire/mule dam

44
Q

Feral horses

A

-multiple populations in Canada
*AB, BC, SK, Sable Island

45
Q

Mustangs

A

Free roaming horses (feral) in western US, descended from Spanish Horses
*managed by Bureau of Land Management

46
Q

Prezwalski’s horse

A

-endangered horse native to central Asia
-66 chromosomes
-12-14 HH, 300kg, dun markings, stocky

47
Q

Zebra

A

32-46 chromosomes

48
Q

Wild asses

A

62 chromosomes

49
Q

ID methods for Equids

A

-Branding
-Microchips (often in nuchal ligament, sometimes in top lip)
-Tattoo (will fade with time)
-Registration papers
-DNA testing
-Coggins tests
-Passports (usually from Europe)

50
Q

Breed registries

A

Qualification for registries based on pedigree of parents
-Closed: 2 pure bred parents, no outside bloodlines
eg. Thoroughbreds, Trakenhner
-Open: animals registered even if parents were not
eg. most warmbloods, semi open for Quarterhorses (TB and Paints)

51
Q

Requirements for breeds

A

Certain breeds will have genetic, conformational, or height requirements
*many working to reduce genetic diseases and sometimes genetic testing to prove parents is needed

52
Q

Genetic Testing options

A

-Arabian Horse Association
*DNA testing for all registered. Test for diseases

-American Quarter Horse Association
**DNA testing for breeding stock

-Friesian Horse Association North America
*DNA testing for breeding stallions and parent verification of mares and foals

53
Q

What Breed Specific disorders are looked for in Genetic testing?

A

-Connemara Pony Hoof Wall Separation Disease

-Equine Familial Isolated Hypoparathyroidism (Thoroughbred)

-Junctional Epidemolysis Bullosa - in Belgians

-Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome Type 1

54
Q

Colour genetics

A

-Testing used for breeding to get a specific desired colour
*some colour patterns are linked to genetic disease

55
Q

Overo Lethal White Syndrome

A

-homozygous for the overo coat colour pattern gene

56
Q

Multiple Congential Ocular Anomalities (MCOA)

A

Silver dilution

57
Q

Gray Gene

A

-linked with increased risk of melanoma

58
Q

Leopard complex

A

-linked with congenital stationary night blindness in appaloosas

59
Q

Walk

A

4 beat gait with each foot hitting the ground independently

60
Q

Trot

A

2 beat diagonal gait with contralateral limbs moving synchronously

61
Q

Canter

A

3 beat gait
*Left lead: RH, LH+RF, LF

62
Q

Gallop

A

3-4 beat gait
*same as the canter except the diagonal hind foot hits the ground slightly before the front foot

63
Q

Gaited Horses

A

-Unique gait specific to certain breeds= 30 breeds
-Claim to be a smoother ride

64
Q

American standardbred gaited horses

A

Trot ot pace (2 unilateral gait)

65
Q

Icelandic Horse Gaited horses

A

Tolt- single footed pace

66
Q

American Saddlebred Gaited horses

A

Racking - 4 beat lateral gait

67
Q

Peruvavain Paso Gaited Horses

A

Paso llano (4 beat) and sobreandando (pace like)

68
Q

Tennessee Walking horse

A

running walk

69
Q

Uses of horses in the equine industry

A

-sport
-recreation
-companionship
-breeding
-teaching and research
-equine therapy
-production (PMU, meat)
-Entertainment
-tourism
-Labour (logging, police, farm, transport)

70
Q

Flat racing

A

-various breeds and distances
-Thouroughbreds, Quarter Horse, Arabian

71
Q

Harness racing

A

Standardbreds (pacers and trotters)

72
Q

English disciplines

A

-dressage
-jumper
-hunter
-three day eventing
-polo
-polo cross
-endurance

73
Q

Dressage

A

-horse and rider judged by ability to perform graceful dancelike movements that seem effortless

Amateur to olympic levels

74
Q

Jumpers

A

Judged by how quickly a course is completed with as few faults as possible

-amateur to olympic levels

75
Q

Hunters

A

-judged by accuracy, grace, and elegance of completing a set out course

-amateur to high level international competition

76
Q

Three day eventing

A

Single horse and rider compete in dressage, show jumping and cross country over 3 days

-amateur to olympic levels

77
Q

Pulling competitions

A

-weight competitions
-Shire, Clydesdale, Percheron, Belgian

78
Q

Driving

A

-6 horse hitch
-showcase ability to work in a team and at different paces in the show ring
-turnout (appearance) is important

79
Q

Combined Driving

A

4 horses of lighter breeds, similar appearance, work well together

-3 phase event, similar to 3 day eventing: dressage, cross country, timed obstacle course

80
Q

Chuckwagon Racing

A

Team of 4 horses perform a figure 8 around 2 barrels anf then a race around a track against multiple other teams
-each team 2-4 outriders
-4 teams racing 24-32 horses on track at once
-Usually Thoroughbreds
-soemtimes Pony Chucks: TB crosses under 14-1 HH

81
Q

Western disciplines

A

-Rodeo,
-show ring
-ranch horse competitions
-many others

82
Q

Rodeo

A

-bronc riding, barrel racing, team roping, pick up horses

-timed events that have stemmed from different aspects of ranch life

83
Q

Show ring

A

-reining, halter, western pleasure

-emphasize sportsmanship and skills and movements adapted to working cattle

84
Q

Ranch horse competitions

A

-cutting, working cow horse, team penning

-based on practical skills that horses working with cattle are expected to perform

85
Q

Other special western disciplines

A

-mounted shooting
-trail riding
-Gymkhana

86
Q

Halter

A

-Halter classes show off breed specific characteristics
-judged on conformation

**epitome of what a breed should look like

87
Q

Vaulting

A

-acrobatic gymnastics on the back of moving horse
-horse controlled by lunger
-horse wears surcingle with hand grips and stirrup loops for the vaulter to hold

88
Q

Horse as production animals

A

-manure= fertilizer
-leather
-meat
-hair (violin strings, jewerly)
-serum= culture media
-hormones= Premarin
-gluue
-milk

89
Q

Pregnant mares urine

A

-used as the estrogen source in drug Premarin
*hormone replacement therapy for post menopausal women

-draft horses were once commonly used= industry byproduct had little use

-Most PMU operations now raise QH foals that are sold as weanlings for performance and ranch horses

Animal Production 3 (11 decks)

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