HOrmones Regulating Metabolism 1 Flashcards
Catablic vs Anabolic Hormones
Catabolic- glucagon, glucocoticoids, catecholamines
Anaboli- insulin, testosterone, thyroid hormones
What are some endocrine glands and tissues
Hypothalamus/pturay gland
Adrenal glands
Pancrease
Testes ovaries
Thyroid and parathyroid
Thymus
Pineal glands
Where are corticosteroid hormones produced?
Catecholamines?
Corticosteroid- adrenal cortex
Catecholamine- adrenal medulla
Explain the relationshpi between the hypothalmus and the pituitary
The hypothalsmus reaches directly in the posterior pituitary through axonal transport of neurohormones. They are released into the blood from the posterior pituitary where they target peripheral cells.
The anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via the median eminence. Hormones are released by the median eminence into the bloodstream and reach the anterior pituarty and have paracrine and endorcine function.
POsterior pituitary hormones
ADH and Ocytocin
Anterior Pituitary hormones
Follicle stimulating hormones
Luteinizing hormones
Adrenocorticotrophic homrone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Prolaction
E– MSH- melanocyte stimulating
GRowth hormone
Explain the 3 feedback loops of regulation the hypothalamus pituitary
Ultrashort- hypothalamus secretions inhibit themselves– autocrine
Short- Pituitary hormones regulate hypothalmus
Long- hypothalmus is regulated from hormones secreted in peripheries (target hormones)
What does the adrenal gland regulate
Blood glucose
Protein turnover
Fat metabolism
Electrolyte balnce
Cardiovascular tone
INjur response
stress survival
Two layers of the adrenal. What are the origins of each? What do they each secrete?
Cortex== mesoderm. Secretes Corticosteroids– Aldoesterones, Cortisol and sex steroid percurosos
Medulla- ectoderm- Catecholamines– Epi and NE
IMportant facts of about cholesterol in the synthesis of adreno-corticosteroids?
Storage?
Synthesis is wehre
Special enzyme
Cholesterold Stored in vesicles and esterified
Corticosteroid synthesis is in the mitochondria or ER
With Cytochrome P450
Layers of cortex production for each cortex/cortiocosteroid hormones
Zona fasciculata- outeer- Cortisol
Zona Glomerulosa- aldosterone
Explain the feedback in regulating Cortisol release
Hypo releases CRH which stimulates ACTH in the anterior pituitary and Cortisol from the
Short loop- ACTH(from pituitary) inhibits CRH(hypothalmus)
Long loop- Crtisol from adrenal inhibits ACTH and CRH (within minutes)
Cortisol also lessens the synthesis of ACTH (hrs)
What does Cortisol target
Stress hormone- responses mediated by increased transcriptional actiivty
Increases liver glcogen s
