Hormones and Behaviour Flashcards
What are hormones?
produced and secreted by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to bind on receptors on cells in the body
Called endocrine signaling
What are neurotransmitters?
Released at a synapse and bind to receptors only nanometers away from the synaptic cleft
• Called synaptic signaling
What were the differences that Berthold noticed in roosters that were castrated and not?
- Change in colour
- Change in mating behaviour
- Change in aggressivity levels
Bayliss and Starling injected HCL in dogs intestines, what were their findings?
It produced secretions from the pancreas, which they called “secretin” and later “hormones”
Name the 5 types of hormones and their functioning
- Intracrine hormone: mediates effects within the cell that synthesized it
- Autocrine hormone: after its release from a cell, binds to receptors on the same cell that released it and regulates its function
- Paracrine hormone: affects cells in the immediate surrounding of the cell that released it
- Ectocrine hormone: released into and organism’s external environment (ex: pheromones)
- Endocrine hormone: released into the bloodstream and affecting surrounding cells
What are the main hormones secretedy by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and ADH(vasopressin)
What are the 2 categories of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus in the anterior pituitary?
Hypothalamic releasing hormones and Hypothalamic inhibiting hormones
Name the 3 Hypothalamic inhibiting hormones
○ Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH, AKA somatostatin)
○ Gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH)
○ Dopamine (Prolactin-inhibiting hormone PIH)
Name the 5 Hypothalamic releasing hormones
○ Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
○ Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, AKA somatocrinin)
○ Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
○ Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
○ Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
Where are hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones secreted to?
the hypophyseal portal system (connects hypothalamus to anterior pituitary)
hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones in the anterior pituitary result in the secretion or release of which hormones?
□ Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) □ Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) □ Prolactin (PRL) □ Growth hormone (GH) □ Gonadotropic hormone
How are also called steroid and non-steroid hormones?
peptide hormones or protein-like hormones
Steroid hormones are synthesized from?
Cholesterol
Steroid hormones are produced in (2)?
Adrenal glands and ovaries/testes
Name 2 types of steroid hormones?
- Progesterone
* Testosterone
Name the process by which steroid hormones trigger the synthesis of new proteins by DNA? (3 steps)
- Diffusing through cell membranes
- Binding to receptors within cells
- Entering cell nucleus and binding to DNA
Name 4 nonsteorid hormones?
Norepinephrine
Insulin
Leptin
Ghrelin
Do nonsteroid hormones enter the cell?
No they bind to receptors on the membrane and activate messengers inside the cell
What are anabolic androgenic steroids?
Drugs designed to mimic the muscle building (anabolic) and masculinizing effects (androgenic) of male steroids
What are the side effects of anabolic androgenic steroids?
- Associated with bad side effects (cardiac dysfunction and multiorgan failure)
- Also psychological side effects (depression, mania, mood swings, illicit drug use)
What is roid rage?
increased aggression (loss of impulse control and overreaction to stimuli) happening when taking steroids
WHat are the actions of ADH (vasopressin)?
- Prevents the loss of water (anti-diuretic) when salt is too concentrated in blood plasma (hypertonic plasma)
- Also increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
What are the actions of oxytocin?
- Involved in reproductive functions
- Causes contraction of uterus during labor
- Causes milk “letdown” in mothers when nipple is stimulated
What are the actions of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
- Induces thyroid gland to release thyroxine
* Maintains body metabolism
* Muscle control
* Brain development
