Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal & GIT Physiology > Hormones acting on the Kidney > Flashcards

Hormones acting on the Kidney Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Git Commands flashcards
1
Q

Which hormone regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

A

Aldosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does aldosterone affect kidney function?

A

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the distal tubules and collecting ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What triggers the release of aldosterone?

A

Decreased blood pressure, increased potassium levels, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidneys?

A

ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does ADH influence water reabsorption?

A

ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is ADH produced and released?

A

ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stimulates the release of ADH?

A

Increased plasma osmolality and decreased blood volume stimulate ADH release.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the kidneys?

A

ANP promotes the excretion of sodium and water, reducing blood volume and pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does ANP affect sodium and water excretion?

A

ANP increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and decreases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What conditions stimulate the release of ANP?

A

Increased blood volume and atrial stretch stimulate ANP release.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) act on the kidneys?

A

PTH regulates calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the effect of PTH on calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys?

A

PTH increases calcium reabsorption and decreases phosphate reabsorption in the proximal and distal tubules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is renin produced and what is its role in kidney function?

A

Renin is produced by juxtaglomerular cells and initiates the RAAS to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does renin contribute to the regulation of blood pressure?

A

Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, leading to the production of angiotensin II, which increases blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What triggers the release of renin from the kidneys?

A

Decreased renal perfusion, sympathetic nervous system activation, and low sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of angiotensin II in the kidneys?

A

Angiotensin II constricts efferent arterioles, increasing glomerular pressure and GFR.

17
Q

How does angiotensin II affect glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

It increases GFR by constricting the efferent arterioles more than the afferent arterioles.

18
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone on potassium levels in the kidneys?

A

Aldosterone promotes the excretion of potassium in the distal tubules and collecting ducts.

19
Q

How does insulin influence renal glucose handling?

A

Insulin increases renal glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubules.

20
Q

What is the role of calcitriol in kidney function?

A

Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

21
Q

How does erythropoietin (EPO) affect the kidneys?

A

EPO stimulates red blood cell production and can affect renal oxygen sensing and function.

22
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced and what stimulates its release?

A

EPO is produced by the peritubular fibroblasts in the renal cortex, stimulated by hypoxia.

23
Q

How do catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) affect kidney function?

A

Catecholamines constrict renal blood vessels, reducing renal blood flow and sodium excretion.

24
Q

What is the effect of prostaglandins on the kidneys?

A

Prostaglandins act as vasodilators, increasing renal blood flow and promoting sodium excretion.

25
Q

How do glucocorticoids influence kidney function?

A

Glucocorticoids increase glomerular filtration rate and sodium reabsorption.

26
Q

What is the role of thyroid hormones in kidney function?

A

Thyroid hormones increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.

27
Q

How does insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) affect the kidneys?

A

IGF-1 promotes kidney growth and increases glomerular filtration rate.

28
Q

How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) counteract the effects of aldosterone?

A

ANP counteracts aldosterone by promoting sodium and water excretion.

29
Q

How does dopamine affect renal blood flow and sodium excretion?

A

Dopamine dilates renal blood vessels, increasing renal blood flow and sodium excretion.

30
Q

What is the effect of endothelin on kidney function?

A

Endothelin constricts renal blood vessels, reducing renal blood flow and sodium excretion.

Renal & GIT Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions