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hormones Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is needed for the synthesis of t3 and t4(thyroxine)

A

iodine is needed to bind to the tyrosine residues of thyroglobin.
if iodine is low, thyroid gland enlarges : gotire developed

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2
Q

what is myxodema caused by?

A

defieciency of thyroxine.
low metabolic rate, body gain, low body temp

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3
Q

deficency of parathyroid hormones causes?

A

tetany

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4
Q

adrenaline directly affects the

A

SA node

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5
Q

MSH of pars intermedia of the middle pituary is responsible for

A

the darkening of skin in lower vertebrates (fishes, amphibians)
pars intermedia is region bw anterior posterior pituary.

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6
Q

the pituary gland is also called as

A

hypophysis cerebri

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7
Q

give examples of steroid hormones

A

aldosterone, cortisone, estrogen, testosterone

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8
Q

largest endocrine gland is

A

thyroid

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9
Q

Secretions of ductless glands is known as

A

hormones
ductless glands are endocrine glands

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10
Q

Over secretion of growth hormone leads to

A

adulthood : acromegaly
childhood : gigantism

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11
Q

example of primary hormone

A

prolactin
MSH
GH/STH(growth hormone)choose this if all given

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12
Q

How many tropic hormones are secreted by anterior pituitary?

A

4
⇒ Thyroid stimulating hormone
⇒ Follicle stimulating hormone
⇒ Adrenocorticotropic hormone
⇒ luteinizing hormone

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13
Q

TSH release is regulated by?

A

Negative feedback
TSH regulates the endocrine function of thyroid gland.
TSH release is regulated by negative feedback of thyroxin acting on hypothalamus and pituitary.

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14
Q

Over activity of thyroid gland causes hyperthyroidism also known as

A

“Grave’s Disease”.

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15
Q

The symptoms of Hyperthyroidism are:

A

High metabolic rate, rapid and irregular heartbeat, nervousness, increased ventilation rate, increased body temperature, sweating and weight loss.

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16
Q

what is edema

A

symptom of full blown hypothyroid syndrome, also called “Myxedema”.

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17
Q

Thyroid gland is situated below the

A

larynx

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18
Q

The four small glands in the thyroid gland are known as

A

The parathyroid glands are two pairs of small, oval-shaped glands. They are located next to the two thyroid gland lobes in the neck. Each gland is usually about the size of a pea.

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19
Q

which hormone is involved in serotonin reuptake inhibition.

A

nor eperphirine , nor adrenaline

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20
Q

Corpus luteum function as a gland which produces?

A

Progesterone

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21
Q

on what day of menstrual cycle does LH rise causing ovulation

A

14

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22
Q

TSH regulates the endocrine function of thyroid gland.
TSH release is regulated by

A

negative feedback of thyroxin acting on hypothalamus and pituitary.

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23
Q

function of parathyroid hormone

A

Parathyroid hormone caused demineralization of bone, more calcium in blood.

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24
Q

Ejection of milk from mammary glands is under the control of which hormone?

A

oxytocin

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25
Q

which hormone influences daily rhythms called circadian rhythms?

A

Melatonin influences daily rhythms. secreted from pineal gland which is attached to the hypothalamus.

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26
Q

Which one of the following is a Principle mineralocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone is principle mineralocorticoid and regulate the level of sodium ion.

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27
Q

Which of the following hormone is responsible for bone weakening in older women?

A

Deficiency of estrogen in older women leads to osteoporosis.

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28
Q

Which is the smallest gland in human body?

A

The pineal gland, also known as the pineal body, conarium or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain

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29
Q

How many iodine atoms are present in thyroxine?

A

4

30
Q

The endocrine system consists of approximately how many endocrine glands?

A

20

31
Q

target organ and function of aldosterone

A

kidney
- reabsorb Sodium
- excrete potassium

32
Q

The word hormone (literally means to excite or arouse or set in motion) was suggested in 1905 by:

A

Starling.
He also discovered 1st hormone secretin.

33
Q

Diuresis is concerned with:

A

ADH

34
Q

The hormone that facilitates parturition is:

A

Parturition is act of giving birth to child that is perceived oxytocin.
Oxytocin act as neural stimuli by thyroid gland.

35
Q

Hypothyroidism in children results in a condition known as:

A

cretinism

36
Q

Thyroid gland has a weight of about:

A

25 g

37
Q

heart disease is associated w

A

hypothyroidism

38
Q

Delta cell produces

A

Somatostatin

39
Q

Epsilon cell produces

A

Ghrelin

40
Q

Under secretion of the adrenal cortex hormones results in a condition known as:

A

Addison disease

41
Q

The adrenal glands are located adjacent to:

A

Adrenal glands are present at the top of kidneys

42
Q

When excess glucose begins to be lost from the body in the urine, this condition is called:

A

Glycosuria

43
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone is produced by:

A

Intermediate lobe of pituitary gland

44
Q

Myxedema means:

A

mucous swelling.
Myxedema Symptoms:
→ Hypothermia
→ Hypotension
→ Bradycardia
→ Decreased respiratory rate
→ Macroglossia
→ Thinning of hair
→ Periorbital Puffiness.

45
Q

Hormones differ from enzymes in the respect that they:

A

Used up completely in metabolism.

46
Q

The symptoms of diabetes mellitus are:

A

Excess loss of urine → Polyuria
* Excessive thirst → Polydipsia
* Excessive Hunger → Polyphagia.
- glycosuria

47
Q

Symptoms of Addison Disease:

A

→ Fatigue
→ Lethargy
→ Muscle weakness
→ Increased thirst
→ Craving for salty food
→ Need to urinate frequently.

48
Q

symptoms of the AUTO IMMUNE graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

A

Anxiety, Irritability
→ Weight loss
→ Change in menstrual cycle
→ Erectile dysfunction
→ Frequency bowel movement
→ Enlargement of thyroid gland.

49
Q

Inhibin is secreted from:

A

Cells of seminiferous tubules

50
Q

Normally 100ml blood contain Glucose?

A

100 gm

51
Q

Which of the following is needed for the secretion of thyroxine hormones

A

Thyroid cells are the only cells that can absorb iodine. These cells combine iodine and amino acid tyrosine to make T3 and T4.

52
Q

Which bone cells is stimulated by calcitonin?

A

osteoblasts

53
Q

Low blood pressure and high k+ in blood stimulate the secretion of

A

ADH
Low Blood Pressure → Low level of salt in body → ADH released → Normal blood Pressure.

54
Q

ADH & Oxytocin contain _________ Peptide bonds:

A

9

55
Q

Myxedema or Gull’s Disease is a pathological condition of the thyroid gland in which

A

there is malfunction of the thyroid gland resulting in infiltration of mucin into the subcutaneous tissue causing swelling, loss of nails.

56
Q

If thyroid hormones secretion is defective, which of the following will happen?

A

Impaired glucose anabolism

57
Q

The secretion of glucagon and insulin is inhibited by:

A

Somatostatin

58
Q

Oxytocin is synthesized in:

A

Oxytocin is synthesized in hypothalamus and stored in posterior lobe of pituitary.

59
Q

somatostatin is secreted by

A

hypothalamus
pancreas
stomach

60
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are derived from

A

tyrosine

61
Q

where is the pinneal gland located

A

the middle of the human brain in between the two hemispheres in an area called epithalamus.

62
Q

bayliss and starling discovered which hormone

A

secretin

63
Q

first crystalline hormone is

A

thyroxine

64
Q

goiter is caused by lack of?

A

iodine

65
Q

exophthalmia (protrusion of eyeball) is a classic symptom of

A

hyperthyroidism / graves disease

66
Q

the deficit of calcitonin causes

A

kidney stones

67
Q

calcitonin is secreted by?

A

thyroid gland

68
Q

excess MSH results in

A

addisons disease

69
Q

vascularization of endometrium is induced by

A

estrogen

70
Q

in humans placenta is established by

A

progesterone

71
Q

thymus is found in

A

the mediastinum of the upper thorax

72
Q

tetany is caused by

A

hypocalcemia
under secretion of parathyroid

BIO (17 decks)

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