hormones

Question 1

what is needed for the synthesis of t3 and t4(thyroxine)

Answer 1

iodine is needed to bind to the tyrosine residues of thyroglobin.
if iodine is low, thyroid gland enlarges : gotire developed

Question 2

what is myxodema caused by?

Answer 2

defieciency of thyroxine.
low metabolic rate, body gain, low body temp

Question 3

deficency of parathyroid hormones causes?

Answer 3

tetany

Question 4

adrenaline directly affects the

Answer 4

SA node

Question 5

MSH of pars intermedia of the middle pituary is responsible for

Answer 5

the darkening of skin in lower vertebrates (fishes, amphibians)
pars intermedia is region bw anterior posterior pituary.

Question 6

the pituary gland is also called as

Answer 6

hypophysis cerebri

Question 7

give examples of steroid hormones

Answer 7

aldosterone, cortisone, estrogen, testosterone

Question 8

largest endocrine gland is

Answer 8

thyroid

Question 9

Secretions of ductless glands is known as

Answer 9

hormones
ductless glands are endocrine glands

Question 10

Over secretion of growth hormone leads to

Answer 10

adulthood : acromegaly
childhood : gigantism

Question 11

example of primary hormone

Answer 11

prolactin
MSH
GH/STH(growth hormone)choose this if all given

Question 12

How many tropic hormones are secreted by anterior pituitary?

Answer 12

4
⇒ Thyroid stimulating hormone
⇒ Follicle stimulating hormone
⇒ Adrenocorticotropic hormone
⇒ luteinizing hormone

Question 13

TSH release is regulated by?

Answer 13

Negative feedback
TSH regulates the endocrine function of thyroid gland.
TSH release is regulated by negative feedback of thyroxin acting on hypothalamus and pituitary.

Question 14

Over activity of thyroid gland causes hyperthyroidism also known as

Answer 14

“Grave’s Disease”.

Question 15

The symptoms of Hyperthyroidism are:

Answer 15

High metabolic rate, rapid and irregular heartbeat, nervousness, increased ventilation rate, increased body temperature, sweating and weight loss.

Question 16

what is edema

Answer 16

symptom of full blown hypothyroid syndrome, also called “Myxedema”.

Question 17

Thyroid gland is situated below the

Answer 17

larynx

Question 18

The four small glands in the thyroid gland are known as

Answer 18

The parathyroid glands are two pairs of small, oval-shaped glands. They are located next to the two thyroid gland lobes in the neck. Each gland is usually about the size of a pea.

Question 19

which hormone is involved in serotonin reuptake inhibition.

Answer 19

nor eperphirine , nor adrenaline

Question 20

Corpus luteum function as a gland which produces?

Answer 20

Progesterone

Question 21

on what day of menstrual cycle does LH rise causing ovulation

Answer 21

14

Question 22

TSH regulates the endocrine function of thyroid gland.
TSH release is regulated by

Answer 22

negative feedback of thyroxin acting on hypothalamus and pituitary.

Question 23

function of parathyroid hormone

Answer 23

Parathyroid hormone caused demineralization of bone, more calcium in blood.

Question 24

Ejection of milk from mammary glands is under the control of which hormone?

Answer 24

oxytocin

Question 25

which hormone influences daily rhythms called circadian rhythms?

Answer 25

Melatonin influences daily rhythms. secreted from pineal gland which is attached to the hypothalamus.

Question 26

Which one of the following is a Principle mineralocorticoid?

Answer 26

Aldosterone is principle mineralocorticoid and regulate the level of sodium ion.

Question 27

Which of the following hormone is responsible for bone weakening in older women?

Answer 27

Deficiency of estrogen in older women leads to osteoporosis.

Question 28

Which is the smallest gland in human body?

Answer 28

The pineal gland, also known as the pineal body, conarium or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain

Question 29

How many iodine atoms are present in thyroxine?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

The endocrine system consists of approximately how many endocrine glands?

Answer 30

20

Question 31

target organ and function of aldosterone

Answer 31

kidney - reabsorb Sodium - excrete potassium

Question 32

The word hormone (literally means to excite or arouse or set in motion) was suggested in 1905 by:

Answer 32

Starling. He also discovered 1st hormone secretin.

Question 33

Diuresis is concerned with:

Answer 33

ADH

Question 34

The hormone that facilitates parturition is:

Answer 34

Parturition is act of giving birth to child that is perceived oxytocin. Oxytocin act as neural stimuli by thyroid gland.

Question 35

Hypothyroidism in children results in a condition known as:

Answer 35

cretinism

Question 36

Thyroid gland has a weight of about:

Answer 36

25 g

Question 37

heart disease is associated w

Answer 37

hypothyroidism

Question 38

Delta cell produces

Answer 38

Somatostatin

Question 39

Epsilon cell produces

Answer 39

Ghrelin

Question 40

Under secretion of the adrenal cortex hormones results in a condition known as:

Answer 40

Addison disease

Question 41

The adrenal glands are located adjacent to:

Answer 41

Adrenal glands are present at the top of kidneys

Question 42

When excess glucose begins to be lost from the body in the urine, this condition is called:

Answer 42

Glycosuria

Question 43

Melanocyte stimulating hormone is produced by:

Answer 43

Intermediate lobe of pituitary gland

Question 44

Myxedema means:

Answer 44

mucous swelling. Myxedema Symptoms: → Hypothermia → Hypotension → Bradycardia → Decreased respiratory rate → Macroglossia → Thinning of hair → Periorbital Puffiness.

Question 45

Hormones differ from enzymes in the respect that they:

Answer 45

Used up completely in metabolism.

Question 46

The symptoms of diabetes mellitus are:

Answer 46

Excess loss of urine → Polyuria * Excessive thirst → Polydipsia * Excessive Hunger → Polyphagia. - glycosuria

Question 47

Symptoms of Addison Disease:

Answer 47

→ Fatigue → Lethargy → Muscle weakness → Increased thirst → Craving for salty food → Need to urinate frequently.

Question 48

symptoms of the AUTO IMMUNE graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

Answer 48

Anxiety, Irritability → Weight loss → Change in menstrual cycle → Erectile dysfunction → Frequency bowel movement → Enlargement of thyroid gland.

Question 49

Inhibin is secreted from:

Answer 49

Cells of seminiferous tubules

Question 50

Normally 100ml blood contain Glucose?

Answer 50

100 gm

Question 51

Which of the following is needed for the secretion of thyroxine hormones

Answer 51

Thyroid cells are the only cells that can absorb iodine. These cells combine iodine and amino acid tyrosine to make T3 and T4.

Question 52

Which bone cells is stimulated by calcitonin?

Answer 52

osteoblasts

Question 53

Low blood pressure and high k+ in blood stimulate the secretion of

Answer 53

ADH Low Blood Pressure → Low level of salt in body → ADH released → Normal blood Pressure.

Question 54

ADH & Oxytocin contain _________ Peptide bonds:

Answer 54

9

Question 55

Myxedema or Gull’s Disease is a pathological condition of the thyroid gland in which

Answer 55

there is malfunction of the thyroid gland resulting in infiltration of mucin into the subcutaneous tissue causing swelling, loss of nails.

Question 56

If thyroid hormones secretion is defective, which of the following will happen?

Answer 56

Impaired glucose anabolism

Question 57

The secretion of glucagon and insulin is inhibited by:

Answer 57

Somatostatin

Question 58

Oxytocin is synthesized in:

Answer 58

Oxytocin is synthesized in hypothalamus and stored in posterior lobe of pituitary.

Question 59

somatostatin is secreted by

Answer 59

hypothalamus pancreas stomach

Question 60

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are derived from

Answer 60

tyrosine

Question 61

where is the pinneal gland located

Answer 61

the middle of the human brain in between the two hemispheres in an area called epithalamus.

Question 62

bayliss and starling discovered which hormone

Answer 62

secretin

Question 63

first crystalline hormone is

Answer 63

thyroxine

Question 64

goiter is caused by lack of?

Answer 64

iodine

Question 65

exophthalmia (protrusion of eyeball) is a classic symptom of

Answer 65

hyperthyroidism / graves disease

Question 66

the deficit of calcitonin causes

Answer 66

kidney stones

Question 67

calcitonin is secreted by?

Answer 67

thyroid gland

Question 68

excess MSH results in

Answer 68

addisons disease

Question 69

vascularization of endometrium is induced by

Answer 69

estrogen

Question 70

in humans placenta is established by

Answer 70

progesterone

Question 71

thymus is found in

Answer 71

the mediastinum of the upper thorax

Question 72

tetany is caused by

Answer 72

hypocalcemia under secretion of parathyroid