Hormones

Question 1

What organs make up the endocrine system (secrete hormones)? (12)

Answer 1

Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Pineal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Pancreas
Thymus
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Ovaries
Testes

Question 2

Hypothalamus (facts, 2)

Answer 2

1) Secretes Tropic hormones only (stimulate or inhibit release of other hormones)

2) Target cells ALWAYS located in Anterior Pituitary Gland

Question 3

Hypothalamus Hormone Acrynym

Answer 3

Go
Go
Pro
Don’t
Count
Thyme

Question 4

Hypothalamus Hormones (name & abbrev)

Answer 4

1) Growth Hormone Release & Inhibiting (GHRH & GHIH (aka Somatotropin))
2) Prolactin Releasing (PRH)
3) Gonadotropin Releasing (GnRH) –> FSH & LH release
4) Dopamine (inhibiting) –> Prolactin & MSH inhibiting
5) Corticotropin Releasing (CRH) –> ACTH & MSH release
6) Thyrotropin Releasing (TRH)

Question 5

3 Terms for Anatomy of Pituitary Gland

Answer 5

1) Pituitary Gland= Hypophysis
2) Anterior Pituitary= Adenohypophysis
3) Posterior Pituitary= Neurohypophysis

Question 6

How does the hypothalamus connect to the pituitary gland?

Answer 6

-Hypothalamus tells the anterior pituitary gland to release or inhibit hormones.

-Talks to Anterior Pituitary via hormones

-Talks to Posterior Pituitary via nerves

Question 7

Anterior Pituitary Hormone Acrynym (7)

Answer 7

Humans
Make
Love
And
Fuck to
Prolong
Thyme

Question 8

Anterior Pituitary Hormones (name & abbrev)

Answer 8

1) Human Growth (nGH or GH aka Somatotropin)
2) Melanocyte-Stimulating (MSH)
3) Luteinizing (LH)
4) Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
5) Follicle-Stimulating (FSH)
6) Prolactin (PRL)
7) Thyroid-Stimulating (TSH or Thyrotropin)

Question 9

Where does each hormone from the Anterior Pituitary travel to?

Answer 9

1) GH –> Many tissues
2) MSH –> Melanocytes
3) LH & FSH –> Ovaries & Testes
4) ACTH –> Adrenal Cortex
5) PRL –> Mammary glands
6) TSH –> Thyroid

Question 10

What does HGH do? (4)

Answer 10

1) increases blood glucose levels
2) stimulates fat catabolism (lipolysis)
3) stimulates protein synthesis
4) stimulates growth & maintains size of muscle, bone, & other tissues.

Question 11

ACTH

Answer 11

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
-Secreted by Anterior Pituitary
- Acts on Adrenal Cortex
-Triggered by release of CRH from Hypothalamus
- Produces Aldosterone & Cortisol

Question 12

FSH vs. LH

Answer 12

In men:
-FSH= stimulates sperm prodution
-LH= stimulates secretion of testosterone via interstitial endocrinocytes in the testes

In women:
-FSH= stimulates follicular (ovem) development & estrogen production in ovaries
-LH= stimulates ovaulation & secretion of estrogen & progesterone by corpus luteum

Question 13

Posterior Pituitary Hormones (2)

Answer 13

1) Oxytocin- stimulates uterine contractions & milk ejection

2) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH or Vasopressin)- -acts on Kidney -decreasing urine output by increasing absorption of water from renal tubules AND raises BP by contricting arterioles
-Dehydration!

Question 14

Pineal Gland Hormone

Answer 14

Melatonin

• released at night; promotes sleep
• contributes to setting biological clock
  -implicated in Seasonal Affect Disorder (SAD) & jet lag

Question 15

Thyroid Gland Hormones (2)

Answer 15

1) Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4) aka Thyroid Hormones
-secreted by follicular cells
-stimulates metabolism

2) Calcitonin-
-secreted by parafollicular cells
- decreases levels of Ca in blood by increasing calcium uptake in bones (inhibits osteoclasts)

Question 16

Parathyroid Gland Hormone

Answer 16

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

• increases blood Ca by increasing osteoclast activity
  -increases Ca reabsorption in kidney
  -increases Ca absorption from GI tract

Question 17

Pancreas Hormones (4)

Answer 17

1) Glucagon
-secreted by alpha cells
- increases blood glucose levels (glycogen –> glucose)

2) Insulin
-secreted by beta cells
- decreases blood glucose levels (glucose –> glycogen)

3) Somatostatin (aka GHIH)
-secreted by delta cells
-inhibits secretion of Insulin, Glucagon, & hGh

4) Pancreatic Polypeptide
- secreted by F-cells
-inhibits Somatostatin secretion
-inhibits pancreatic enzymes

Question 18

Thymus Hormones (4)

Answer 18

Thymosin
Thymopoletin
Thymic Factor (TF)
Thymic Humoral Factor (THF)

All control T cell matruation

Question 19

Adrenal Cortex Hormones (3)

Answer 19

1) Aldosterone
- increases Na & H2O reabsorption in kidney (prevents salt loss when Overhydrated)
-increases K secretion in kidney

2) Cortisol
-increases resistance to stress
-increases blood glucose levels
-reduces inflammation

3) Androgens (DHEA)
-promotes pubic & axillary hair growth in pubery
-female libido
- is converted to estrogen in post-menopausal females

Question 20

Adrenal Medulla Hormones (2)

Answer 20

1) Norepinephrine (NE) aka Noradrenaline
2) Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
-Fight or Flight response

Both mimic effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

Testes Hormones (2)

Answer 21

1) Testosterone
-production of sperm
-stimulates development & maintenance of male secondary characteristics

2) Inhibin
-inhibites secretion of FSH (which stimulates sperm production)

Question 22

Ovaries Hormones (4)

Answer 22

1) Estrogens

2) Progesterone
- Estrogens, Progesterone, FSH, & LH regulate mentrual cycle.
-Promote enlargement of breasts & widening of hips.

3) Inhibin-
-inhibits secretion of FSH

4) Relaxin
-increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during pregnancy