Hormones Flashcards
What organs make up the endocrine system (secrete hormones)? (12)
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Pineal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Pancreas
Thymus
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Ovaries
Testes
Hypothalamus (facts, 2)
1) Secretes Tropic hormones only (stimulate or inhibit release of other hormones)
2) Target cells ALWAYS located in Anterior Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus Hormone Acrynym
Go
Go
Pro
Don’t
Count
Thyme
Hypothalamus Hormones (name & abbrev)
1) Growth Hormone Release & Inhibiting (GHRH & GHIH (aka Somatotropin))
2) Prolactin Releasing (PRH)
3) Gonadotropin Releasing (GnRH) –> FSH & LH release
4) Dopamine (inhibiting) –> Prolactin & MSH inhibiting
5) Corticotropin Releasing (CRH) –> ACTH & MSH release
6) Thyrotropin Releasing (TRH)
3 Terms for Anatomy of Pituitary Gland
1) Pituitary Gland= Hypophysis
2) Anterior Pituitary= Adenohypophysis
3) Posterior Pituitary= Neurohypophysis
How does the hypothalamus connect to the pituitary gland?
-Hypothalamus tells the anterior pituitary gland to release or inhibit hormones.
-Talks to Anterior Pituitary via hormones
-Talks to Posterior Pituitary via nerves
Anterior Pituitary Hormone Acrynym (7)
Humans
Make
Love
And
Fuck to
Prolong
Thyme
Anterior Pituitary Hormones (name & abbrev)
1) Human Growth (nGH or GH aka Somatotropin)
2) Melanocyte-Stimulating (MSH)
3) Luteinizing (LH)
4) Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
5) Follicle-Stimulating (FSH)
6) Prolactin (PRL)
7) Thyroid-Stimulating (TSH or Thyrotropin)
Where does each hormone from the Anterior Pituitary travel to?
1) GH –> Many tissues
2) MSH –> Melanocytes
3) LH & FSH –> Ovaries & Testes
4) ACTH –> Adrenal Cortex
5) PRL –> Mammary glands
6) TSH –> Thyroid
What does HGH do? (4)
1) increases blood glucose levels
2) stimulates fat catabolism (lipolysis)
3) stimulates protein synthesis
4) stimulates growth & maintains size of muscle, bone, & other tissues.
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
-Secreted by Anterior Pituitary
- Acts on Adrenal Cortex
-Triggered by release of CRH from Hypothalamus
- Produces Aldosterone & Cortisol
FSH vs. LH
In men:
-FSH= stimulates sperm prodution
-LH= stimulates secretion of testosterone via interstitial endocrinocytes in the testes
In women:
-FSH= stimulates follicular (ovem) development & estrogen production in ovaries
-LH= stimulates ovaulation & secretion of estrogen & progesterone by corpus luteum
Posterior Pituitary Hormones (2)
1) Oxytocin- stimulates uterine contractions & milk ejection
2) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH or Vasopressin)- -acts on Kidney -decreasing urine output by increasing absorption of water from renal tubules AND raises BP by contricting arterioles
-Dehydration!
Pineal Gland Hormone
Melatonin
- released at night; promotes sleep
- contributes to setting biological clock
-implicated in Seasonal Affect Disorder (SAD) & jet lag
Thyroid Gland Hormones (2)
1) Triiodothyronine (T3) & Thyroxine (T4) aka Thyroid Hormones
-secreted by follicular cells
-stimulates metabolism
2) Calcitonin-
-secreted by parafollicular cells
- decreases levels of Ca in blood by increasing calcium uptake in bones (inhibits osteoclasts)
Parathyroid Gland Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- increases blood Ca by increasing osteoclast activity
-increases Ca reabsorption in kidney
-increases Ca absorption from GI tract
Pancreas Hormones (4)
1) Glucagon
-secreted by alpha cells
- increases blood glucose levels (glycogen –> glucose)
2) Insulin
-secreted by beta cells
- decreases blood glucose levels (glucose –> glycogen)
3) Somatostatin (aka GHIH)
-secreted by delta cells
-inhibits secretion of Insulin, Glucagon, & hGh
4) Pancreatic Polypeptide
- secreted by F-cells
-inhibits Somatostatin secretion
-inhibits pancreatic enzymes
Thymus Hormones (4)
Thymosin
Thymopoletin
Thymic Factor (TF)
Thymic Humoral Factor (THF)
All control T cell matruation
Adrenal Cortex Hormones (3)
1) Aldosterone
- increases Na & H2O reabsorption in kidney (prevents salt loss when Overhydrated)
-increases K secretion in kidney
2) Cortisol
-increases resistance to stress
-increases blood glucose levels
-reduces inflammation
3) Androgens (DHEA)
-promotes pubic & axillary hair growth in pubery
-female libido
- is converted to estrogen in post-menopausal females
Adrenal Medulla Hormones (2)
1) Norepinephrine (NE) aka Noradrenaline
2) Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
-Fight or Flight response
Both mimic effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Testes Hormones (2)
1) Testosterone
-production of sperm
-stimulates development & maintenance of male secondary characteristics
2) Inhibin
-inhibites secretion of FSH (which stimulates sperm production)
Ovaries Hormones (4)
1) Estrogens
2) Progesterone
- Estrogens, Progesterone, FSH, & LH regulate mentrual cycle.
-Promote enlargement of breasts & widening of hips.
3) Inhibin-
-inhibits secretion of FSH
4) Relaxin
-increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during pregnancy
