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A&P Semester 2 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hypothalamus hormone structure, and what do they do

A

polypeptides, release or inhibit other hormones

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2
Q

What are the 5 hypothalamus hormones

A

Gonadotropin (releasing), thyrotropin (releasing), corticotropin (releasing), growth hormone (releasing/inhibiting), prolactin (releasing/inhibiting)

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3
Q

Hormones are produce in the ______ and delivered to the blood through the _______

A

hypothalamus, pituitary

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4
Q

What are the adenohypophysis hormones made of and what do they do

A

polypeptides, tropic/stimulating hormones

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5
Q

What are the 2 gonadotropins

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)

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6
Q

What kind of stimulus is FSH

A

hormonal stimulus by GNRH

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7
Q

What does FSH do in males

A

stimulates testis, sperm production

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8
Q

What does FSH do in females

A

stimulates ovarian follicles, egg/estrogen development

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9
Q

What kind of stimulus is LH

A

hormonal stimulus by GNRH

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10
Q

What does LH do in males

A

produce testosterone

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11
Q

What does LH do in females

A

stimulate ovulation, meiosis, and develops corpus lutem (which develops progesterone)

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12
Q

What kind of stimulus is thyrotropin

A

hormonal stimulus by TRH

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13
Q

What is thyrotropin’s target cell and job

A

thyroid, stimulate the production of the thyroid hormone

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14
Q

What kind of stimulus is adrenocorticotropic

A

hormonal stimulus by CRH

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15
Q

What is the purpose of adrenocorticotropic

A

turn on/change cortisol production in the adrenal gland

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16
Q

What kind of stimulus is prolactin

A

hormone regulation by PRH, PIH

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17
Q

What is the purpose of prolactin

A

helps lactation, develops milk glands

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18
Q

What kind of stimulus is growth hormone

A

hormonal regulation by GHRH, GHIH

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19
Q

Where are growth hormone’s target cells and purpose

A

target cells in liver, liver mediated growth factors (skeleton, muscle, cartilage, inhibit fat)

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20
Q

What is the structure of neurohypophysis and stimulus

A

polypeptide structure, nervous stimulus

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21
Q

What are the 2 neurohypophysis hormones

A

antidiuretic and oxytocin

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22
Q

what does the antidiuretic hormone do

A

increase blood osmolarity and decrease body water

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23
Q

What is the antidiuretic hormone’s affect on the kidney

A

decrease urine output

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24
Q

What is the antidiuretic hormone’s affect on blood vessels

A

constrict, increase blood pressure

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25
Q

What are T3 and T4 assembled off of

A

tyrosine thyroglobulin in follicles

26
Q

What is the difference between T3 and T4

A

T3 is more active and effective, T4 is secreted more

27
Q

What makes a thyroid hormone T3 or T4

A

the amount of iodine present

28
Q

What is the thyroid hormone

A

an amine carried by a protein

29
Q

Where are thyroid hormones located and what do they do

A

Located all over the body, increase metabolic enzymes

30
Q

What disease occurs from hyperthyroidism

A

thyroiditis, graves disease

31
Q

What disease occurs from hypothyroidism in kids

A

cretinism

32
Q

What is goiter

A

enlarged thyroid, caused by a lack of iodine

33
Q

What kind of stimulus and structure is calcitonin

A

humoral stimulus by an increase in blood calcium, polypeptide structure

34
Q

What does calcitonin do

A

Decreases blood calcium level, and aids osteoblasts in bone production

35
Q

What kind of stimulus is parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

humoral stimulus by a decrease in blood calcium

36
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do (2)

A

increases blood calcium level, causes bone to break down and release calcium

37
Q

How does parathyroid affect the kidneys

A

activates with vitamin D, retain calcium

38
Q

How does parathyroid affect the intestines

A

absorb calcium, increase blood calcium

39
Q

What kind of stimulus and structure is melatonin

A

nervous stimulus by a decrease in light exposure, amine (water-soluble)

40
Q

What does melatonin do

A

stimulate sleep and regulate mood

41
Q

What is the adrenal medulla

A

a nervous sympathetic ganglion/stimulus

42
Q

Where are the adrenal medulla’s target cells

A

all over sympathetic activity

43
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do

A

increase hr/bp/breathing, decrease GI function, keeps you awake and alert

44
Q

What is the adrenal cortex

A

a glandular structure

45
Q

What are the 3 steroids found in the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone, glucocorticodoids, gonadocorticoids

46
Q

What is aldosterone a nervous stimulus through

A

sympathetic stimulation

47
Q

What is aldosterone a humoral stimulus through

A

increase in K+ or a decrease in Na+

48
Q

What is aldosterone a hormone stimulus by

A

angiotensin 2/ACTH

49
Q

What does aldosterone do to the kidney

A

retain Na+/H2O, get rid of K+, increase BP

50
Q

Crushing syndrome

A

increase in glucocorticoids

51
Q

Addison’s disease

A

decrease in glucocoricoids

52
Q

What is cortisol used as

A

an anti-inflammatory drug

53
Q

What is cortisol stimulated by and where are receptors

A

hormonal stimulus by ACTH, all over the body

54
Q

What does cortisol do

A

Raise blood glucose levels in response to stress

55
Q

What stimulus is DHEA/testosterone

A

hormonal stimulus through ACTH

56
Q

What 2 things are produced in the pancreas

A

glucagon and insulin

57
Q

What stimulus is glucagon

A

humoral stimulus by a decrease in blood glucose

58
Q

What does glucagon do

A

increase glucose

59
Q

What does the liver do in relation to glucose

A

make glucose, breakdown glycogen

60
Q

What stimulus is insulin

A

humoral stimulus by an increase in blood glucose

61
Q

What does insulin do

A

allows glucose into cells

62
Q

Where is insulin never

A

neurons

A&P Semester 2 (7 decks)

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