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A&P Semester 2 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hypothalamus hormone structure, and what do they do

A

polypeptides, release or inhibit other hormones

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2
Q

What are the 5 hypothalamus hormones

A

Gonadotropin (releasing), thyrotropin (releasing), corticotropin (releasing), growth hormone (releasing/inhibiting), prolactin (releasing/inhibiting)

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3
Q

Hormones are produce in the ______ and delivered to the blood through the _______

A

hypothalamus, pituitary

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4
Q

What are the adenohypophysis hormones made of and what do they do

A

polypeptides, tropic/stimulating hormones

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5
Q

What are the 2 gonadotropins

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)

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6
Q

What kind of stimulus is FSH

A

hormonal stimulus by GNRH

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7
Q

What does FSH do in males

A

stimulates testis, sperm production

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8
Q

What does FSH do in females

A

stimulates ovarian follicles, egg/estrogen development

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9
Q

What kind of stimulus is LH

A

hormonal stimulus by GNRH

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10
Q

What does LH do in males

A

produce testosterone

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11
Q

What does LH do in females

A

stimulate ovulation, meiosis, and develops corpus lutem (which develops progesterone)

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12
Q

What kind of stimulus is thyrotropin

A

hormonal stimulus by TRH

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13
Q

What is thyrotropin’s target cell and job

A

thyroid, stimulate the production of the thyroid hormone

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14
Q

What kind of stimulus is adrenocorticotropic

A

hormonal stimulus by CRH

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15
Q

What is the purpose of adrenocorticotropic

A

turn on/change cortisol production in the adrenal gland

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16
Q

What kind of stimulus is prolactin

A

hormone regulation by PRH, PIH

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17
Q

What is the purpose of prolactin

A

helps lactation, develops milk glands

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18
Q

What kind of stimulus is growth hormone

A

hormonal regulation by GHRH, GHIH

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19
Q

Where are growth hormone’s target cells and purpose

A

target cells in liver, liver mediated growth factors (skeleton, muscle, cartilage, inhibit fat)

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20
Q

What is the structure of neurohypophysis and stimulus

A

polypeptide structure, nervous stimulus

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21
Q

What are the 2 neurohypophysis hormones

A

antidiuretic and oxytocin

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22
Q

what does the antidiuretic hormone do

A

increase blood osmolarity and decrease body water

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23
Q

What is the antidiuretic hormone’s affect on the kidney

A

decrease urine output

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24
Q

What is the antidiuretic hormone’s affect on blood vessels

A

constrict, increase blood pressure

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25
What are T3 and T4 assembled off of
tyrosine thyroglobulin in follicles
26
What is the difference between T3 and T4
T3 is more active and effective, T4 is secreted more
27
What makes a thyroid hormone T3 or T4
the amount of iodine present
28
What is the thyroid hormone
an amine carried by a protein
29
Where are thyroid hormones located and what do they do
Located all over the body, increase metabolic enzymes
30
What disease occurs from hyperthyroidism
thyroiditis, graves disease
31
What disease occurs from hypothyroidism in kids
cretinism
32
What is goiter
enlarged thyroid, caused by a lack of iodine
33
What kind of stimulus and structure is calcitonin
humoral stimulus by an increase in blood calcium, polypeptide structure
34
What does calcitonin do
Decreases blood calcium level, and aids osteoblasts in bone production
35
What kind of stimulus is parathyroid hormone (PTH)
humoral stimulus by a decrease in blood calcium
36
What does parathyroid hormone do (2)
increases blood calcium level, causes bone to break down and release calcium
37
How does parathyroid affect the kidneys
activates with vitamin D, retain calcium
38
How does parathyroid affect the intestines
absorb calcium, increase blood calcium
39
What kind of stimulus and structure is melatonin
nervous stimulus by a decrease in light exposure, amine (water-soluble)
40
What does melatonin do
stimulate sleep and regulate mood
41
What is the adrenal medulla
a nervous sympathetic ganglion/stimulus
42
Where are the adrenal medulla's target cells
all over sympathetic activity
43
What does the adrenal medulla do
increase hr/bp/breathing, decrease GI function, keeps you awake and alert
44
What is the adrenal cortex
a glandular structure
45
What are the 3 steroids found in the adrenal cortex
aldosterone, glucocorticodoids, gonadocorticoids
46
What is aldosterone a nervous stimulus through
sympathetic stimulation
47
What is aldosterone a humoral stimulus through
increase in K+ or a decrease in Na+
48
What is aldosterone a hormone stimulus by
angiotensin 2/ACTH
49
What does aldosterone do to the kidney
retain Na+/H2O, get rid of K+, increase BP
50
Crushing syndrome
increase in glucocorticoids
51
Addison's disease
decrease in glucocoricoids
52
What is cortisol used as
an anti-inflammatory drug
53
What is cortisol stimulated by and where are receptors
hormonal stimulus by ACTH, all over the body
54
What does cortisol do
Raise blood glucose levels in response to stress
55
What stimulus is DHEA/testosterone
hormonal stimulus through ACTH
56
What 2 things are produced in the pancreas
glucagon and insulin
57
What stimulus is glucagon
humoral stimulus by a decrease in blood glucose
58
What does glucagon do
increase glucose
59
What does the liver do in relation to glucose
make glucose, breakdown glycogen
60
What stimulus is insulin
humoral stimulus by an increase in blood glucose
61
What does insulin do
allows glucose into cells
62
Where is insulin never
neurons

A&P Semester 2 (7 decks)

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