Hormones Flashcards
What is the hypothalamus hormone structure, and what do they do
polypeptides, release or inhibit other hormones
What are the 5 hypothalamus hormones
Gonadotropin (releasing), thyrotropin (releasing), corticotropin (releasing), growth hormone (releasing/inhibiting), prolactin (releasing/inhibiting)
Hormones are produce in the ______ and delivered to the blood through the _______
hypothalamus, pituitary
What are the adenohypophysis hormones made of and what do they do
polypeptides, tropic/stimulating hormones
What are the 2 gonadotropins
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)
What kind of stimulus is FSH
hormonal stimulus by GNRH
What does FSH do in males
stimulates testis, sperm production
What does FSH do in females
stimulates ovarian follicles, egg/estrogen development
What kind of stimulus is LH
hormonal stimulus by GNRH
What does LH do in males
produce testosterone
What does LH do in females
stimulate ovulation, meiosis, and develops corpus lutem (which develops progesterone)
What kind of stimulus is thyrotropin
hormonal stimulus by TRH
What is thyrotropin’s target cell and job
thyroid, stimulate the production of the thyroid hormone
What kind of stimulus is adrenocorticotropic
hormonal stimulus by CRH
What is the purpose of adrenocorticotropic
turn on/change cortisol production in the adrenal gland
What kind of stimulus is prolactin
hormone regulation by PRH, PIH
What is the purpose of prolactin
helps lactation, develops milk glands
What kind of stimulus is growth hormone
hormonal regulation by GHRH, GHIH
Where are growth hormone’s target cells and purpose
target cells in liver, liver mediated growth factors (skeleton, muscle, cartilage, inhibit fat)
What is the structure of neurohypophysis and stimulus
polypeptide structure, nervous stimulus
What are the 2 neurohypophysis hormones
antidiuretic and oxytocin
what does the antidiuretic hormone do
increase blood osmolarity and decrease body water
What is the antidiuretic hormone’s affect on the kidney
decrease urine output
What is the antidiuretic hormone’s affect on blood vessels
constrict, increase blood pressure
What are T3 and T4 assembled off of
tyrosine thyroglobulin in follicles
What is the difference between T3 and T4
T3 is more active and effective, T4 is secreted more
What makes a thyroid hormone T3 or T4
the amount of iodine present
What is the thyroid hormone
an amine carried by a protein
Where are thyroid hormones located and what do they do
Located all over the body, increase metabolic enzymes
What disease occurs from hyperthyroidism
thyroiditis, graves disease
What disease occurs from hypothyroidism in kids
cretinism
What is goiter
enlarged thyroid, caused by a lack of iodine
What kind of stimulus and structure is calcitonin
humoral stimulus by an increase in blood calcium, polypeptide structure
What does calcitonin do
Decreases blood calcium level, and aids osteoblasts in bone production
What kind of stimulus is parathyroid hormone (PTH)
humoral stimulus by a decrease in blood calcium
What does parathyroid hormone do (2)
increases blood calcium level, causes bone to break down and release calcium
How does parathyroid affect the kidneys
activates with vitamin D, retain calcium
How does parathyroid affect the intestines
absorb calcium, increase blood calcium
What kind of stimulus and structure is melatonin
nervous stimulus by a decrease in light exposure, amine (water-soluble)
What does melatonin do
stimulate sleep and regulate mood
What is the adrenal medulla
a nervous sympathetic ganglion/stimulus
Where are the adrenal medulla’s target cells
all over sympathetic activity
What does the adrenal medulla do
increase hr/bp/breathing, decrease GI function, keeps you awake and alert
What is the adrenal cortex
a glandular structure
What are the 3 steroids found in the adrenal cortex
aldosterone, glucocorticodoids, gonadocorticoids
What is aldosterone a nervous stimulus through
sympathetic stimulation
What is aldosterone a humoral stimulus through
increase in K+ or a decrease in Na+
What is aldosterone a hormone stimulus by
angiotensin 2/ACTH
What does aldosterone do to the kidney
retain Na+/H2O, get rid of K+, increase BP
Crushing syndrome
increase in glucocorticoids
Addison’s disease
decrease in glucocoricoids
What is cortisol used as
an anti-inflammatory drug
What is cortisol stimulated by and where are receptors
hormonal stimulus by ACTH, all over the body
What does cortisol do
Raise blood glucose levels in response to stress
What stimulus is DHEA/testosterone
hormonal stimulus through ACTH
What 2 things are produced in the pancreas
glucagon and insulin
What stimulus is glucagon
humoral stimulus by a decrease in blood glucose
What does glucagon do
increase glucose
What does the liver do in relation to glucose
make glucose, breakdown glycogen
What stimulus is insulin
humoral stimulus by an increase in blood glucose
What does insulin do
allows glucose into cells
Where is insulin never
neurons
