Chapter 14

Question 1

Characteristics of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

Motor to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Involuntary
Two divisions
Use 2 motor neurons out of the CNS

Question 2

Sympathetic nervous system characteristics

Answer 2

widespread, branches, expend energy in emergency situations, fight or flight, stress

Question 3

What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system use

Answer 3

norepinephrine

Question 4

Parasympathetic nervous system characteristics

Answer 4

smaller, localized, conserve and store energy, rest and digest, peace

Question 5

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system use

Answer 5

ACh

Question 6

Are the pre and post ganglionic motor neurons myelinated?

Answer 6

Preganglionic motor neuron is lightly myelinated, the postganglionic motor neuron is not myelinated

Question 7

Ganglia

Answer 7

a collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 8

Where is sympathetic ganglia found

Answer 8

found near the spinal cord

Question 9

Sympathetic pre and post ganglion

Answer 9

Preganglionic = short, ACh
Postganglionic = long, norepinephrine

Question 10

Parasympathetic pre and post ganglion

Answer 10

Preganglionic = long, ACh
Postganglionic = short, ACh

Question 11

What is the sympathetic systems output

Answer 11

thoracolumbar (region of the spinal cord)

Question 12

What connects sympathetic ganglia to spinal nerves

Answer 12

communicating rami

Question 13

Where are myelinated preganglionic motor neurons found

Answer 13

white ramus (lateral)

Question 14

Where are unmyelinated postganglionic motor neurons found

Answer 14

gray ramus (medial)

Question 15

What 3 things do preganglionic fibers do

Answer 15

1.) synapse in the same ganglion
2.) synapse in higher or lower ganglion
3.) pass through sympathetic chain ganglia to go to collateral/pre-vertebral ganglion

Question 16

What 3 areas are postganglionic neurons found

Answer 16

spinal nerves, sympathetic nerves, splanchnic nerves

Question 17

Where are postganglionic neurons found in spinal nerves

Answer 17

skin, body surface, blood vessels

Question 18

Where are postganglionic neurons found in sympathetic nerves

Answer 18

head, organs of thoracic region

Question 19

Where are postganglionic neurons found in splanchnic nerves

Answer 19

abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 20

What is the adrenal medulla

Answer 20

a highly modified ganglion

Question 21

What does the adrenal medulla do

Answer 21

release hormones into the blood

Question 22

where do epinephrine and norepinephrine function

Answer 22

on the same receptor

Question 23

What is the parasympathetic system output

Answer 23

craniosacral (brain and lower region of the spinal cord) S2-S4

Question 24

What cranial nerves does the parasympathetic nervous system use

Answer 24

oculomotor (3), facial (7), glossopharyngeal (9), vagus (10)

Question 25

What are the norepinephrine receptors in the sympathetic system

Answer 25

Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, beta 3

Question 26

Alpha 1 receptor

Answer 26

blood vessels, most organs (not the heart)

Question 27

Alpha 2 receptor

Answer 27

CNS, act to decrease sympathetic output

Question 28

Beta 1 receptor

Answer 28

heart, act to increase heart rate and force

Question 29

Beta 2 receptor

Answer 29

lungs, act to dilate tubes and decrease mucus (breathe better faster)

Question 30

Beta 3 receptor

Answer 30

Fat (adipose tissue), act to breakdown fat to release energy

Question 31

What receptor does the parasympathetic system use

Answer 31

muscarinic receptor as a second messenger receptor

Question 32

Dual innervation

Answer 32

both the sympathetic and parasympathetic system are opposing/antagonizing the other

Question 33

Tone

Answer 33

organs that have one system that predominates

Question 34

What causes neurogenic shock

Answer 34

No parasympathetic input, decreasing sympathetic tone