Hormones Flashcards
GnRH (Gonadotropin- releasing hormone)
-released by hypothalamus
-targets pituitary gland
-stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce gonadotropin hormones follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH)
CRH (Corticotrophin- releasing hormone)
-released by hypothalamus
-targets adrenal cortex
-suppressed appetite, increases anxiety, and improves memory and selective attention
TRH (Thyrotropin- releasing hormone)
-released by hypothalamus
-targets anterior pituitary
-controls body metabolic rate, heat generation, neuromuscular function and heart rate
GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone
-released by pituitary gland
-targets pituitary and brain
-stimulate the pituitary gland to produce and release growth hormone into the bloodstream
Prolactin (also known as lactotropin)
-released by the pituitary gland
-targets the mammary gland
-milk production, and the development of mammary glands within breast tissues
TSH (thyroid- stimulating hormone)
-released by the anterior pituitary gland
-targets the thyroid gland
-thyroxine secretion, stimulates thyroid hormone secretion through enhancing iodide uptake, thyroglobulin synthesis, and throperozidase activity
ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
-released by anterior pituitary gland
-targets adrenal cortex
-cortisol secretion
LH (luteinizing hormone)
-released by anterior pituitary gland
-targets ovaries/ testes (Leydig cells)
-ovulation, luteinization of follicles/ testosterone secretion
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
-released by anterior pituitary gland
-targets ovaries/ testes (tubules)
-ovarian follicle growth, estrogen secretion/ spermatogenesis
Oxytocin
-released by posterior pituitary gland
-targets uterine smooth muscle, mammary gland
-uterine contraction during childbirth and lactation
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
- released by posterior pituitary gland
-targets kidney tubules, smooth muscles in arterioles
-water excretion, blood pressure, decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water in kidneys
T3 (triiodothyronine) & T4 (thyroxine)
-released by thyroid
-targets most tissue
-increases metabolic rate, growth and development
calcintonin
-released by thyroid
-targets bone
-plasma calcium and phosphate (lowers); helps regulate calcium levels in your blood by decreasing it
parathyroid hormone (PTH1)
-released by parathyroid
-targets bone, kidneys, intestine
-plasma calcium and phosphate (elevates); regulates calcium levels in blood by increasing the levels when they are low
cortisol
-released by adrenal cortex
-targets all tissues, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas
-metabolism, response to stress and exercise; regulates a wide range of vital processes through the body
aldosterone
-released by adrenal cortex
-targets primarily kidneys
-sodium, potassium, and pH balance; helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body
epinephrine
-released by adrenal medulla
-targets lungs, hearts, blood vessels, and alpha- beta adrenoreceptors in muscles
-induces increased vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupillary dilator muscle contraction, and intestinal sphincter muscle contraction
Norepinephrine
-released by adrenal medulla
-targets alpha- beta adrenoreceptors in the blood vessels
-increased alertness, heart rate and blood pumping from the heart
Testosterone
-released by testes
-targets reproductive organs
-reproductive development also has effects on behavior
Estradiol
-released by ovaries
-targets cells in the blood
-acts on the estrogen receptors to relieve vasomotor systems such as hot flashes and urogenital symptoms
Progesterone
-released by placenta
-targets corpus luteum; breast, uterus, brain, central nervous system and cardiovascular system
-Breakdown of corpus pregnancy; prepares the body for pregnancy
Insulin
-released by pancreas
-targets most tissues, notably muscle and liver, adipose tissue
-glucose utilization; blood glucose), allows cells in the muscles, fat and liver to absorb glucose that is in the blood
Glucagon
-released by pancreas
-targets primarily liver
-blood glucose (elevates); triggers your liver to convert stored glucose into an unstable form and then release it into your bloodstream
Erythropoetin
-released by kidney
-targets red blood cells
-stimulate red blood cell production
