Hormone summary Flashcards
ADH
Stored and released by the pituitary gland, ADH targets the kidneys and increases permeability of the distal tubule in the nephron. This increases water retention during dehydration.
Oxytocin
Stored and released by the pituitary gland, Oxytocin targets the mammary glands and uterine muscles. Oxytocin stimulates contractions of the uterus for birth and stimulates the release of milk during breastfeeding.
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Released from the Hypothalamus to stimulate the pituitary, GnRH causes the pituitary gland to stimulate the gonads. GnRH is released during puberty.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth hormone stimulates the growth of muscles and bones in the body.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Stimulates the thyroid, causing thyroxine to be released.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and aldosterone in response to stress.
Prolactin
Working on a positive feedback loop, prolactin is stimulated by mechanoreceptors in breast. It controls the production of breast milk.
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Stimulates cells that produce pigments.
Gonadotropic Hormone
Stimulates the Gonads.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
In women it stimulates primordial follicles. In men it stimulates sertoli.
Luteinizing Hormone
In women it stimulates ovulation. In men it stimulates the interstitial cells of leydig.
Triiodothyronine/Thyroxin
Two hormones both commonly referred to as thyroxin. They increase oxygen uptake, fat metabolism, and the uptake of amino acids in cells. Thyroxin is made of iodine.
Calcitonin
Lowers blood calcium levels by increasing calcium uptake into bones and teeth.
Parathyroid Hormone
Increases blood calcium levels by increasing mineral absorption in the small intestine.
Thymosin
Increases the release of white blood cells.
Gastrin
Released when food there is food to digest, Gastrin causes stomach fluids to secrete.
Glucagon
Glucagon increases blood sugar levels by activating an enzyme in the liver. This enzyme breaks glycogen down into glucose.
Insulin
Lowers blood sugar levels by making cells use sugars.
Adrenaline/Epinephrine
Protein hormone which increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood sugar levels. Has similar effects as Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine.
Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine
Protein hormone which increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood sugar levels. Has similar effects as Adrenalin/Epinephrine.
Aldosterone
A steroid hormone which increases the sodium pumped out of the nephron, thus changing the concentration gradient and increasing water reabsorption
Cortisol
A steroid hormone, which causes the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. It also suppresses immune response by decreasing inflammation. Cortisol is often called the stress hormone.
Erythropoietin
Increases red blood cell count.
Secretin
Causes the release of pancreatic fluids into the duodenum.
Cholecystokinin
Causes the gallbladder to squirt bile into the duodenum.
Testosterone
In men, testosterone is responsible for primary and secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone is also produced in smaller amounts by women, in which it is used to maintain and grow muscle.
Estrogen
In women, Estrogen is responsible for primary and secondary sex characteristics. It is also involved in the recovery of the endometrium.
Progesterone
Progesterone helps to regulate a woman’s menstrual cycle.
