Hormone summary

Question 1

ADH

Answer 1

Stored and released by the pituitary gland, ADH targets the kidneys and increases permeability of the distal tubule in the nephron. This increases water retention during dehydration.

Question 2

Oxytocin

Answer 2

Stored and released by the pituitary gland, Oxytocin targets the mammary glands and uterine muscles. Oxytocin stimulates contractions of the uterus for birth and stimulates the release of milk during breastfeeding.

Question 3

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Answer 3

Released from the Hypothalamus to stimulate the pituitary, GnRH causes the pituitary gland to stimulate the gonads. GnRH is released during puberty.

Question 4

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 4

Growth hormone stimulates the growth of muscles and bones in the body.

Question 5

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 5

Stimulates the thyroid, causing thyroxine to be released.

Question 6

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Answer 6

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and aldosterone in response to stress.

Question 7

Prolactin

Answer 7

Working on a positive feedback loop, prolactin is stimulated by mechanoreceptors in breast. It controls the production of breast milk.

Question 8

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Answer 8

Stimulates cells that produce pigments.

Question 9

Gonadotropic Hormone

Answer 9

Stimulates the Gonads.

Question 10

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Answer 10

In women it stimulates primordial follicles. In men it stimulates sertoli.

Question 11

Luteinizing Hormone

Answer 11

In women it stimulates ovulation. In men it stimulates the interstitial cells of leydig.

Question 12

Triiodothyronine/Thyroxin

Answer 12

Two hormones both commonly referred to as thyroxin. They increase oxygen uptake, fat metabolism, and the uptake of amino acids in cells. Thyroxin is made of iodine.

Question 13

Calcitonin

Answer 13

Lowers blood calcium levels by increasing calcium uptake into bones and teeth.

Question 14

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 14

Increases blood calcium levels by increasing mineral absorption in the small intestine.

Question 15

Thymosin

Answer 15

Increases the release of white blood cells.

Question 16

Gastrin

Answer 16

Released when food there is food to digest, Gastrin causes stomach fluids to secrete.

Question 17

Glucagon

Answer 17

Glucagon increases blood sugar levels by activating an enzyme in the liver. This enzyme breaks glycogen down into glucose.

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Lowers blood sugar levels by making cells use sugars.

Question 19

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

Answer 19

Protein hormone which increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood sugar levels. Has similar effects as Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine.

Question 20

Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine

Answer 20

Protein hormone which increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood sugar levels. Has similar effects as Adrenalin/Epinephrine.

Question 21

Aldosterone

Answer 21

A steroid hormone which increases the sodium pumped out of the nephron, thus changing the concentration gradient and increasing water reabsorption

Question 22

Cortisol

Answer 22

A steroid hormone, which causes the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. It also suppresses immune response by decreasing inflammation. Cortisol is often called the stress hormone.

Question 23

Erythropoietin

Answer 23

Increases red blood cell count.

Question 24

Secretin

Answer 24

Causes the release of pancreatic fluids into the duodenum.

Question 25

Cholecystokinin

Answer 25

Causes the gallbladder to squirt bile into the duodenum.

Question 26

Testosterone

Answer 26

In men, testosterone is responsible for primary and secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone is also produced in smaller amounts by women, in which it is used to maintain and grow muscle.

Question 27

Estrogen

Answer 27

In women, Estrogen is responsible for primary and secondary sex characteristics. It is also involved in the recovery of the endometrium.

Question 28

Progesterone

Answer 28

Progesterone helps to regulate a woman’s menstrual cycle.