Hormonal control of reproduction Flashcards
What do hormones control
the onset of puberty, sperm production and the menstrual cycle
What happens during puberty
the hypothalamus secretes areleaser hormone that targets the pituitary gland
What is the pituitary gland stimulated to do
Release FSH, LH in women and ICSH in men
What does FSH do
targets the testes and stimulates sperm production in the seminiferous tubules
What does ICSH do
targets the testes and stimulates the production of testosterone in the interstitial cells
What does testosterone do
Stimulates sperm production
What does testosterone activate
activates the prostate gland and seminal vesicles to secrete fluids that maintain the mobility and viability of the sperm
What does negative feedaback control do in men
works in regulating the levels fo testosterone produced by the interstitial cells
What happens if testosterone levels are too high
inhibitis FSH and ICSH secretionW
What happens if testosterone levels fall
stimulates the production of FSH and ICSH
How long does the menstrual cycle take
28 days
What happens in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle
FSH stimulates the development of a follicle and the production of oestrogen by the follicle
What does oestrogen do during the menstrual cycle
stimulates thickening of the endometrium by proliferation preparing it for implantation
also causes the cervical cells to release watery mucus making it more easily penetrated by sperm
What do peak levels of oestrogen stimulate
A surge in the secretion of LH
What is ovulation
the release of an egg from a follicle in the ovary
What triggers ovulation
peak levels of LH
What happens during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
the follicle develops into the corpus luteum and LH stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone
What does high levels of oestrogen do
inhibits the production of FSJ
What does progesterone inhibit
the prodution of FSH and LH
What do high levels of oestrogen and progesterone effect
pituitary gland
What does negative feedback result in for women
prevents further follicles from developing
What does a lack of LH result in
leads to degeneration of the corpus luteum with a subsequent drop in progesterone levels leading to menstruation
What happens if fertilisation occurs
the corpus luteum does not degenerate and progesterone levels stay high
What is role of the progesterone produed by the corpus luteum
progesterone promotes further thickening and vascularisation of the endometrium preparing it for implantation if fertilitsation occus
what does vascularisation mean
the build up of a network of small blood vessel
Why is it important that progesterone promotes further development of the endometrium
the prepare the endometrium for implantation iif fertilisation occurs
At the start of the menstrual cycle, the pituitary releases high levels of
FSH
Degeneration of the corpus luteum is caused by low levels of what
LH
What do High levels oestrogen and testosterone inhibit the production of
FSH and LH
What is the effect of the hormone FSH on males
Seminiferous tubules start to produce sperm.
What is the effect of the hormone FSH on females
Follicles start to mature in the ovary and release oestrogen
