Hormonal control

Question 1

what is a hormone

Answer 1

hormones are chemical messengers released directly into the blood

they are carried in the blood to other parts of the body

Question 2

what do hormones control

Answer 2

things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment

Question 3

where are hormones produced

Answer 3

various glands called endocrine glands these make up your endocrine glands

Question 4

what hormones does the pituitary gland produce

Answer 4

many hormones - regulate body conditions

called the master gland because these hormones act on other glands

directing them to release hormones that bring about change

Question 5

what hormone does the thyroid produce

Answer 5

thyroxine

regulates the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

Question 6

what hormone does the adrenal gland produce

Answer 6

adrenaline

used to prepare the body fora fight or flight response

Question 7

what is a fight or flight response

Answer 7

adrenaline is released in response to stressful or scary situations.

you brain detects this and sends nervous impulses to the adrenal glands - produce adrenaline

this gets the body ready for fight or flight by triggering mechanisms that increase the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells in the brain and muscles

Question 8

what hormone does the pancreas produce

Answer 8

insulin

glucagon

regulates the blood glucose level

Question 9

what hormone does the ovaries produce

Answer 9

oestrogen

progesterone

Question 10

what hormone does the testes produce

Answer 10

testosterone

controls puberty and sperm production in males

Question 11

name the main differences between nerves and hormones

Answer 11

nerves have a faster action whereas hormones have a slower action

nerves act for a very short time and act on a very precise area

hormones act for a long time and act in a more general way

Question 12

what is stored in the liver as sugar

Answer 12

glycogen

Question 13

if blood glucose level is too high

Answer 13

insulin is released

Question 14

if blood glucose level is too low

Answer 14

glucose is released

Question 15

what age does type 1 occur

Answer 15

4-7 years

11-14 years

Question 16

what age does type 2 occur

Answer 16

45 or older

Question 17

causes of type 1

Answer 17

pancreas fails to produce enough insulin

Question 18

causes of type 2

Answer 18

body cells no longer respond to insulin

Question 19

symptoms of type 1

Answer 19

high blood sugar

excess urine loss

Question 20

symptoms of type 2

Answer 20

increased thirst

frequent urination

Question 21

treatment of type 1

Answer 21

regular insulin injections - not cured

Question 22

treatment of type 2

Answer 22

controlling diet

exersize

Question 23

how to cure type 1 diabetes

Answer 23

doctors can transplant a pancreas but it is expensive risky and there are not enough donors

Question 24

how is urine formed in the kidneys

Answer 24

1. Filtration - The kidneys take Waste Products and other unwanted substances out of your blood, this is done by blood passing through the kidney
2. selective reabsorption - useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood
   - All of the Glucose
   - Some of the water - rest is needed for osmosis
   - Some of the ions - needed by the body by active transport
   - Urea is not Absorbed
3. formation of urine - molecules that were not re-absorbed continue along the tubule as urine which passes down to be stored in the bladder later to be released from the urethra

Question 25

where is FSH produced and what does it do

Answer 25

pituitary gland and matures egg, stimulates the ovaries to release the hormone oestrogen

Question 26

where is oestrogen produced and what does it do

Answer 26

ovaries, stops FSH being produced so that only one egg matures in a cycle.

also stimulates the pituitary gland to produce LH

Question 27

where is LH produced and what does it do

Answer 27

pituitary gland, stimulates the ovary to release the matured ovum

Question 28

where is progesterone produced and what does it do

Answer 28

Ovary

maintains the lining of the uterus

during the middle part of the menstrual cycle

during pregnancy

Question 29

why can some people have difficulty getting pregnant

Answer 29

some people do not make enough FSH to stimulate the eggs in the ovaries

if the woman’s fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked

Question 30

describe the process of IVF

Answer 30

1. female is injected with FSH and LH. FSH causes egg to mature and LH causes egg to be released
2. sperm is collected from the male and fertilisation takes place
3. the egg cells are taken from the women and mixed with the sperm
4. the fertilised egg begins to divide, forming an embryo
5. the embryo is formed and placed in the uterus
6. the baby is conceived

Question 31

what is ADH

Answer 31

anti-diuretic hormone

responsible for controlling the water levels

Question 32

what happens in terms of ADH when you drink lots of water

Answer 32

brain produces more ADH

high volume of water reabsorbed by kidney

low urine output

water content normal

Question 33

what happens in terms of ADH when don’t drink lots of water

Answer 33

brain produces less ADH

low volume of water reabsorbed by kidney

high urine output

water content normal

Question 34

go over plant hormones

Answer 34

read read read

Question 35

list the non hormonal contraceptives

Answer 35

condoms,
spermicidal agents,
surgery,
abstaining from intercourse (around the time of ovulation)

Question 36

list the hormonal contraceptives

Answer 36

oral (pill)
injection/implant
coil

Question 37

what is a hypertonic solution

Answer 37

a solution contains more dissolved particles - such as salt and other electrolytes

used for soaking wounds

Question 38

what is an isotonic solution

Answer 38

a solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood

Question 39

what is a hypotonic solution

Answer 39

a solution which has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution