Hormonal control Flashcards
what is a hormone
hormones are chemical messengers released directly into the blood
they are carried in the blood to other parts of the body
what do hormones control
things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment
where are hormones produced
various glands called endocrine glands these make up your endocrine glands
what hormones does the pituitary gland produce
many hormones - regulate body conditions
called the master gland because these hormones act on other glands
directing them to release hormones that bring about change
what hormone does the thyroid produce
thyroxine
regulates the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature
what hormone does the adrenal gland produce
adrenaline
used to prepare the body fora fight or flight response
what is a fight or flight response
adrenaline is released in response to stressful or scary situations.
you brain detects this and sends nervous impulses to the adrenal glands - produce adrenaline
this gets the body ready for fight or flight by triggering mechanisms that increase the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells in the brain and muscles
what hormone does the pancreas produce
insulin
glucagon
regulates the blood glucose level
what hormone does the ovaries produce
oestrogen
progesterone
what hormone does the testes produce
testosterone
controls puberty and sperm production in males
name the main differences between nerves and hormones
nerves have a faster action whereas hormones have a slower action
nerves act for a very short time and act on a very precise area
hormones act for a long time and act in a more general way
what is stored in the liver as sugar
glycogen
if blood glucose level is too high
insulin is released
if blood glucose level is too low
glucose is released
what age does type 1 occur
4-7 years
11-14 years
what age does type 2 occur
45 or older
causes of type 1
pancreas fails to produce enough insulin
causes of type 2
body cells no longer respond to insulin
symptoms of type 1
high blood sugar
excess urine loss
symptoms of type 2
increased thirst
frequent urination
treatment of type 1
regular insulin injections - not cured
treatment of type 2
controlling diet
exersize
how to cure type 1 diabetes
doctors can transplant a pancreas but it is expensive risky and there are not enough donors
how is urine formed in the kidneys
- Filtration - The kidneys take Waste Products and other unwanted substances out of your blood, this is done by blood passing through the kidney
- selective reabsorption - useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood
- All of the Glucose
- Some of the water - rest is needed for osmosis
- Some of the ions - needed by the body by active transport
- Urea is not Absorbed - formation of urine - molecules that were not re-absorbed continue along the tubule as urine which passes down to be stored in the bladder later to be released from the urethra
where is FSH produced and what does it do
pituitary gland and matures egg, stimulates the ovaries to release the hormone oestrogen
where is oestrogen produced and what does it do
ovaries, stops FSH being produced so that only one egg matures in a cycle.
also stimulates the pituitary gland to produce LH
where is LH produced and what does it do
pituitary gland, stimulates the ovary to release the matured ovum
where is progesterone produced and what does it do
Ovary
maintains the lining of the uterus
during the middle part of the menstrual cycle
during pregnancy
why can some people have difficulty getting pregnant
some people do not make enough FSH to stimulate the eggs in the ovaries
if the woman’s fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked
describe the process of IVF
- female is injected with FSH and LH. FSH causes egg to mature and LH causes egg to be released
- sperm is collected from the male and fertilisation takes place
- the egg cells are taken from the women and mixed with the sperm
- the fertilised egg begins to divide, forming an embryo
- the embryo is formed and placed in the uterus
- the baby is conceived
what is ADH
anti-diuretic hormone
responsible for controlling the water levels
what happens in terms of ADH when you drink lots of water
brain produces more ADH
high volume of water reabsorbed by kidney
low urine output
water content normal
what happens in terms of ADH when don’t drink lots of water
brain produces less ADH
low volume of water reabsorbed by kidney
high urine output
water content normal
go over plant hormones
read read read
list the non hormonal contraceptives
condoms,
spermicidal agents,
surgery,
abstaining from intercourse (around the time of ovulation)
list the hormonal contraceptives
oral (pill)
injection/implant
coil
what is a hypertonic solution
a solution contains more dissolved particles - such as salt and other electrolytes
used for soaking wounds
what is an isotonic solution
a solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood
what is a hypotonic solution
a solution which has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution
