Honors Biology Semester 1 Study Guide (Questions from Test)

Question 1

Answer 1

contains genetic information

Question 2

2. The thymine nucleotide is found in DNA, whereas the uracil nucleotide is found in RNA.
   (1 point)
   * True
   * False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

3. Glucose is an example of a _, one of the main classes of organic compounds. (1 point)
   * carbohydrate
   * lipid
   * nucleic acid
   * protein

Answer 3

carbohydrate

Question 4

4. What are the components of a nucleotide? (1 point)
   * adenosine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil
   * sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base
   * sugar, nucleic acid, and nitrogen base
   * adenosine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine

Answer 4

sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base

Question 5

5. The sugar of one nucleotide binds to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide. (1 point)
   True
   False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

6. Where would you look to find chitin? (1 point)
   * animal tissue
   * plant stems
   * insects exoskeletons
   * water

Answer 6

• insects exoskeletons

Question 7

7. Instead of starch, animals store energy as ______ (1 point)

Answer 7

glycogen

Question 8

8. Which of the following statement s is correct? (1 point)
   * A polymer is broken down into its smaller monomers by hydrolysis reactions.
   * The monomer of all biomolecules is composed of a chain of polymers.
   * A polymer is broken down into its smaller monomers by dehydration synthesis reactions.
   * All four biomolecules are built of monomers strung together to form polymers.

Answer 8

A polymer is broken down into its smaller monomers by hydrolysis reactions

Question 8

9. Which of the following is a common example of a disaccharide? (1 point)
   * table sugar
   * chitin
   * glycogen
   * cellulose

Answer 8

table sugar

Question 9

10. Where would you look to find cellulose? (1 point)
    * fungi
    * insects exoskeletons
    * plant stems
    * animal tissue

Answer 9

plant stems

Question 9

Why are unsaturated fatty acids liquid at room temperature? (1 point)
* because of their relatively low melting points
* because of their high melting point
* because of the tightly packed fatty acids
* because of their straight chain configuration

Answer 9

• because of their relatively low melting points

Question 10

Answer 10

A: b. amino group
B: d. hydrogen
C: a. alpha carbon
D: e. carboxyl group
E: c. R-Group

Question 11

13. The sequence of amino acids in your genes is encoded in your proteins. (1 point)
    * True
    * False

Answer 11

false

Question 12

14. Cytosine always binds with guanine, and adenine always binds with thymine. (1 point)
    * True
    * False

Answer 12

true

Question 13

15. Saturated fats are solids at room temperature (1 point)
    * True
    * False

Answer 13

true

Question 14

16. What characteristic is common among lipids? (1 point)
    * Most lipids are used to store genetic code for protein synthesis.
    * Most lipids are hydrophobic meaning t h a t they are repelled by water.
    * Most lipids are hydrophobic meaning t h a t they are attracted to water.
    * Most lipids are extremely fragile and will break very easily.

Answer 14

Most lipids are hydrophobic, meaning that they are repelled by water

Question 15

17. Enzymes consist of chains of fatty acids. (1 point)
    * True
    * False

Answer 15

False

Question 16

18. In DNA, genetic information is encoded by the order of the bases. (1 point)
    * T r u e
    * False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

19. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all chains of amino acids. (1 point)
    * True
    * False

Answer 17

False

Question 18

20. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates? (1 point)
    * provides energy to cells
    * speeds up chemical reactions
    * passes instructions from parent cells to offspring
    * carries messages

Answer 18

provides energy to cells

Question 19

21. Which polysaccharide is made by plants to store energy? (1 point)
    * chitin
    * starch
    * cellulose
    * glycogen

Answer 19

starch

Question 20

Answer 20

Carbohydrate > c. form long chains that store energy in animal muscle cells
Nucleic acid > d. carry the information needed to build a polypeptide
Protein > a. speed up chemical reactions so they occur fast enough to support life
Lipid > b. collect in thin sheets that could function as membranes

Question 21

23. Unsaturated fatty acids are molecules where carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum
    number of hydrogen atoms. (1 point)
    * True
    * False

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Answer 22

carbon

Question 23

25. Which of the following statements is true? (1 point) * Each amino acid has a unique amino group. * Each amino acid has a unique R-group or variable side chain. * Each amino acid has a unique carboxyl group. * Each amino acid is exactly the same.

Answer 23

Each amino acid has a unique R-group or variable side chain

Question 24

26. What do carbohydrates NOT contain? (1 point) * hydrogen * water * oxygen * carbon

Answer 24

water

Question 25

27. What substances yield the most energy per unit of weight? (1 point) * proteins * sugars * lipids * carbohydrates

Answer 25

Lipids

Question 26

28. What is the most essential element to life? (1 point) * nitrogen * hydrogen * oxygen * carbon

Answer 26

carbon

Question 27

29. An alpha-helix structure is associated with which level of protein structure? (1 point) * quaternary * tertiary * primary * secondary

Answer 27

secondary

Question 28

Answer 28

Nucleic Acid

Question 29

Answer 29

A: c. phosphate group B: h. sugar C: d. pyrimidine nitrogenous base D: b. hydrogen bonds E: a. purine nitrogenous base F: g. 2 prime carbon G: e. 3 prime carbon H: f. 4 prime carbon

Question 30

32. Which parts of the nucleotide form the DNA backbone? (1 point) * sugar and phosphate group * base and phosphate group * base only * sugar and base

Answer 30

sugar and phosphate group

Question 31

Answer 31

disaccharide, polysaccharide

Question 32

Answer 32

monosaccharides (glucose and fructose)

Question 33

Answer 33

chromosomes

Question 34

Answer 34

A: a. phosphate B: b. Glycerol C: c. Unsaturated Fatty Acid D: d. Saturated Fatty Acid

Question 35

37. Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic? (1 point) * R-group * fatty acid tails * phosphate head * glycerol

Answer 35

phosphate head

Question 36

Answer 36

Ionic conditions, pH of the surrounding, Temperature

Question 37

39. Not all proteins have a quaternary structure. (1 point) * True * False

Answer 37

false

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Question 41

43. A single polypeptide chain that has formed a tightly bound shape has reached which stage of protein folding? (1 point) * quaternary * tertiary * primary * secondary

Question 42

44. Which of the following would be an example of an endothermic chemical reaction? (1 point) * liver and peroxide placed in a test tube * dehydration synthesis of amino acids * striking a match over a friction plate * hydrolysis of monosaccharides

Question 43

45. What is the organic compound that passes information from parent to offspring and contains instructions for the synthesis of proteins? (1 point) * DNA * carbohydrates * lipids * All of the above

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