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Human Bio ATAR > HOMININS/TOOL CULTURE > Flashcards

HOMININS/TOOL CULTURE Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what time period did australopithecus afarensis live?

A

3.9-8.9 million years ago

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2
Q

where did australopithecus afarensis live?

A

East Africa

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3
Q

what was the brain capacity of Australopithecus Afarensis?

A

430cm^3

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4
Q

what time period did Australopithecus Africanus live

A

3.2-2 million years ago

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5
Q

what location did Australopithecus Africanus live in?

A

Southern africa

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6
Q

what was the brain capacity of Australopithecus Africanus

A

480cm^3

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7
Q

what was the time period for Paranthropus Robustus

A

2-1 million years ago

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8
Q

what location did Paranthropus Robustus live in

A

South Africa

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9
Q

what was the brain capacity for Paranthropus Robustus

A

520cm^3

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10
Q

what was the time period for Homo Habilis

A

2.3-1.5 million years ago

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11
Q

where were Homo Habilis located ?

A

Eastern and Southern Africa

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12
Q

what was the brain capacity of Homo Habilis

A

610cm^3

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13
Q

what tools did Homo Habilis use?

A

Oldewan tools

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14
Q

what type of food exploiting lifestyle did Homo Habilis live?

A

Scavenging Hunter lifestyle

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15
Q

what was the time period of Homo Erectus

A

1.9 - 110,000 years ago

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16
Q

what location did Homo Erectus live in?

A

migrated out of Africa into Europe and Asia

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17
Q

what was the brain capacity of Homo Erectus

A

800 - 1100cm^3

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18
Q

what lifestyle did Homo Erectus live? (3)

A

Terrestrial, no longer Aboreal
cared for elderly/sick
possibility of language

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19
Q

who was the first Hominin to use fire?

A

Homo Erectus

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20
Q

what tools were used by Homo Erectus?

A

Acheulian Tools - large hand axes, pointed picks, straight edged cleavers

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21
Q

what was the time period of Homo Neanderthalensis?

A

350,000 - 28,000 years ago

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22
Q

what location did Homo Neanderthalensis live in?

A

Europe and the Middle East

23
Q

what was the brain capacity of Homo Neanderthalensis

A

1500cm^3

24
Q

what lifestyle did homo neanderthalensis live? (5)

A

features suited to colder climate
controlled fire
communicated with language
wore clothing
hunter gatherer lifestyle

25
Q

what tool culture was used by homo neanderthalensis

A

mousterian tool culture

26
Q

what was the time period of Homo Sapiens

A

250,000 - now

27
Q

what location did Homo Sapiens live?

A

widespread throughout the world

28
Q

what was the brain size of Homo Sapiens

A

1350 - 1500cm^3

29
Q

what tool culture was used by Homo Sapiens

A

Aurignacion
Magdalenian
Solutrian

30
Q

how were Oldewan Tools made? (2)

A

one stone smashed against another stone to remove flakes - leaving a jagged, sharp edge
through Hard Hammer Percussion

31
Q

what shape are Acheulian tools?

A

Tear drop shaped (biface)

32
Q

how are acheulian tools made

A

standard design and manufacture regarding blows to the core to remove flakes
hard hammer percussion

33
Q

what advancement do Acheulian Tools have over Oldewan Tools

A

standard design and manufacture
representing ability to plan and foresee what the stone will become

34
Q

what are 6 benefits of fire

A
  1. kills bacteria - potential parasites/bacteria and reduces spread of disease
  2. keeps food for longer - difficult for bacteria to colonise
  3. easier digestion - easier to chew
  4. unlocking nutrients - release nutrients
  5. protection from predators
  6. warmth
  7. tempering
  8. social significance
35
Q

what technique is used to make mousterian tools

A

the lavellois technique

36
Q

describe the 3 step process of the Lavellois technique

A
  1. core circumference prepared by striking chips away at edge of pebble
  2. each flat surface created is struck at right angles to produce tortoise shape
  3. large shape struck from prepared core to produce an actual tool
37
Q

what percussion method is used the
the lavellois technique

A

bone is used
soft hammer percussion

38
Q

what is the purpose of soft hammer percussion

A

to have more control over where the stone would fracture

39
Q

what was the first tool to be hafted

A

mousterian - Neanderthals

40
Q

what is different about neanderthal culture from other hominids (2)

A

wore clothing
string evidence of burials - belief in afterlife, spirituality, religion

41
Q

what is an example of aurignation tools

A

blade tools

42
Q

what are soulutrian tools ?

A

beautiful willow leaf shaped blades
made through pressure flaking

43
Q

what are 2 examples of solutrian tools and their use

A

spears
javelins
hunting animals

44
Q

what are Magdelenian tools
give 2 examples

A

bone and antler tools made using bruin
needles, finishing hooks

45
Q

define burin

A

chisel/cutter used to make other tools

46
Q

define portable art (2 examples)

A

carried art
carvings, figurines

47
Q

give 2 examples of mural art

A

cave walls
permanent surfaces

48
Q

what are 5 types of art found from Homo Sapiens

A
  1. Figurines
  2. Ivory Beads
  3. Cave paintings
  4. statues of women
  5. bone flutes
49
Q

what was significant of Homo Sapien culture

A

complete labour division
art, creations, professions, mastering of skills

50
Q

what were mousterian tools made out of

A

flint

51
Q

what were aurignacion blade tools made from

A

bone, antler, stine

52
Q

what were solutrian tools made from

A

flint

53
Q

what were oldewan tools made from

A

stone

Human Bio ATAR (7 decks)

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