Homework quizzes Flashcards
What is physiology?
study of body functions
What level of biological organization contains the smallest living units?
Cellular
Which component of a negative feedback homeostatic control mechanism would be an organ that carries out the compensatory response to restore the set point of a variable?
effector
When the endothelium of a blood vessel is damaged, receptors on the surface of platelets bind to exposed collagen activating the platelets to release adenosine diphosphate (ADP) which, in turn, activates additional platelets that stick together until a platelet plug forms covering the exposed collagen. What type of homeostatic control mechanism is this?
Positive feedback
Which component of a homeostatic control mechanism recieves the input from the receptor and sends the output to the effector?
Control center
Oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland into the bloodstream and binds to receptors in the uterus stimulating contractions during childbirth. What type of control mechanism is this?
extrinsic control
Receptors in the wall of the stomach detect stretching and stimulate glands in the wall of the stomach called gastric pits to secrete acidic gastric juice.
Intrinsic control
What is the term for a state of balance in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively stable despite changes in the internal and external environments.
homeostasis
What is the study of the functional changes in disease?
Pathophysiology
What is the study of the adaptations of organisms to environmental conditions?
ecophysiology
What type of bond forms between the oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms within a single molecule of water?
polar covalent bonds
Which molecule is a hydrophobic organic chemical?
triglyceride
Which chemical is an inorganic ion?
Sodium (Na+)
Which chemicals are organic ions?
nucleotides
What monomers are released in the hydrolysis of protein?
amino acids
What molecule is a double stranded helix composed of two polymers of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds?
deoxyribonucleis acid (DNA)
What level of protein structure is the local hydrogen bonding between adjacent amino acids in a peptide that cause it to fold into a helix or sheet?
secondary structure
What class of lipids has a carbon skeleton bent to form four fused rings and includes the molecules cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen, and vitamin D?
steroids
What is a protein that functions as a catalyst?
enzyme
A solution with a pH of 3 has ________ hydrogen ion than a solution with a pH of 6.
1000 X more
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
If you increase the concentration gradient of a chemical across a semipermeable barrier, what would happen to the rate of diffusion?
increase
What type of membrane transport mechanism is the movement of sodium into the cell down its concentration gradient through a channel protein like the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?
facilitated diffusion
During DNA replication, which enzyme constructs RNA primers complementary to the sequence of the template strands of DNA?
primase
How many chromosomes are found in a somatic human cell?
46
In which phase of mitosis do the mitotic spindles shorten pulling sister chromatids apart?
Anaphase
What genes code for proteins that normally stop or slow down the cell cycle and stimulate DNA repair?
tumor suppressor genes
During transcription, what enzyme catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bonds (sugar phosphate backbone) between nucleotides?
RNA polymerase
What molecules have binding sites for specific amino acids and anticodons that bind to the codons of mRNA within the ribosome during translation?
tRNA
What type of membrane transport mechanism is the movement of glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient that is fueled by the movement of sodium into the cell down its concentration gradient through a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (symport carrier protein)?
secondary active transport
