Homework #4 Questions Flashcards
What is the most predominant cell type in fascia?
Fibroblasts
What is static equilibrium?
Where all forces acting on the body are balanced
T/F: T2 is NOT part of the stomatognathic system
TRUE
T/F: A left AS ilium should not be uncomfortable to the patient when manipulated
FALSE
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the dog?
36
The superficial back line has ____ (fast or slow) twitch muscle and is used for ____ (posture or flexion)
slow; posture
Extensors that are fired continually _____.
Fatigue
The cranial thoracic vertebrae have ____ oriented facets, the caudal thoracic vertebrae have ____ oriented facets.
Coronal; Saggital
Why is it recommended to train 3 times per week?
Because the first day or two after exercise collagen degradation is greater than synthesis
As often seen in humans, overtraining flexors can lead to what?
Excess flexion even at rest
T/F: Long lever techniques do not need a HVLA because the long lever increases the force applied.
TRUE
Which nerves innervate the brachial plexus?
Spinal nerves C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2
What is co-contraction and what effect does it have?
Isometric action of both agonist and antagonist to stabilize a joint
What is a restriction as it applies to spinal manipulation?
A restriction is a decreased range of motion that can be manipulated
T/F: The peroneal nerve is NOT one of the main nerves that innervate the forelimb.
TRUE
Can you treat a patient with VMM and acupuncture in the same appointment?
Yes
Stomach pain can present as pain over the sternum. This is an example of viscero-somatic pain. How can pain in the viscera cause pain on the outside of the body?
Nociceptors from the skin and from the viscera synapse in the same part of the dorsal horn or even on the same neuron in the spinal cord–the brain cannot differentiate the two
Why do we pull away, yell and get hot when we hit our thumb with a hammer?
Pain stimulates the withdrawal reflex, the limbic area of the brain and causes an autonomic response.
What is the patient contact point for an AS ilium?
Tuber Coxae
What is allodynia?
A normally non-painful stimulus is perceived as painful
Collagen in fascia is produced the _____.
Fibroblasts
What is maladaptive pain?
Pain that persists after the injury is healed
What is a listing?
A listing is a description of a manipulable lesion and includes the motion unit or bone, a reference point and a direction
Manipulation of the sacral base affects primarily which joint?
Lumbosacral
How does an intense bout of exercise affect the degradation of synthesis of collagen?
In the first 48 hours degradation will be greater than synthesis
In what directions does the mandible need to move?
Rostral, caudal, left, right
How does the fascia function in motor coordination?
It transmits mechanical force
The line of drive to manipulate a L3 dorsal listing is _______.
Straight dorsal to ventral
What are anatomy trains?
Myofascial lines of strain and tension
Which nerves innervate the lumbosacral plexus?
Spinal nerves L4, L5, L6, L7, S1, S2, and S3
The canine sacrum has fewer vertebrae than the equine sacrum. Why?
The equine sacrum is longer because the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscles attach to the sacrum in the horse.
T/F: Pain stimulates the sympathetics.
TRUE
Flexion of the cervical spine ____ (increases/decreases) the diameter of the IVF
Increases
Fibroblasts can be active or resting. What makes the fibroblasts active?
Mechanical stress
How is cartilage affected when the joint loses its normal range of motion?
It gets less nutrition due to decreased imbibition
Like the rigid pieces in a tensegrity model the joints should ____ in the soft tissue.
float
How can high gamma gain protect us (or our patients) from injury?
High gamma gain means our muscles will respond to a small amount of stretch.
What is the Gate theory?
The faster Ia fibers get to the spinal cord first and block the slower C fibers
T/F: Vision can affect posture/balance and can be influenced in animals.
TRUE
T/F: Standing “stacked” is NOT an abnormal compensatory posture (ACP).
TRUE
T/F: A goal of the Postural System is to maintain a steady state against gravity.
true
