Homework #1 Questions Flashcards
What is the paraphysiologic space?
The space between passive ROM and destruction of anatomic barriers
T/F: The fencer’s stance is a component of a proper Set-up for an adjustment/manipulation.
FALSE
Why is your body position important?
To protect you from inury and provide the correct line of drive
T/F: The double pisiform is a commonly used doctor contact point in canine manipulation.
FALSE
T/F: If a manipulation does not restore normal ROM you should make no more than 2 or 3 attempts at manipulation in one day.
TRUE
T/F: Joint laxity is an indication for manipulation
FALSE–it is a contraindication
What is motion palpation?
The technique used to find restrictions in the body.
The process of the mandible that articulates with the occiput to form the TMJ is the _____ process.
Condylar
Cranial nerve VI is the ____ nerve.
Abducens
The ventral plate of the spinal cord carries mostly _____ information.
Motor
Restrictions at _____ or _____ are most likely to affect cranial nerves.
TMJ or Hyoid
Name 3 parts of the MSC
Intrafusal fibers, la sensory neuron, gamma motor neuron
What do GTOs monitor?
Contraction
When the GTO is stimulated what effect does it create on the muscle?
Relaxation
la fibers synapse directly to alpha motor neurons. This _____ the speed of transmission.
increases
What do the MSCs monitor?
Stretch
Why is it important for us to use a high velocity for the manipulation?
To stimulate the golgi tendon organs (GTO)
Where are GTOs (golgi tendon organs) located?
At the musculotendinous junction
T/F: One way to increase the stability is to move the center of gravity lower.
TRUE
What is the stretch shortening cycle?
Eccentric loading of the muscle just prior to concentric action to increase the force produced.
C3 has the _____ vertebral body and the _____ dorsal spinous process.
Longest; shortest
Why do some movements begin with a counter-movement?
To generate more force
Which muscle action generates the most force?
Eccentric
What enables the muscle spindle cell to be effective at all muscle lengths?
The gamma motor neuron or gamma gain
What is the effect of a slow, prolonged stretch on a muscle via the Ia afferents?
It resets the muscle to a new longer length
You are presented with a patient that is reluctant to bend its neck to the left and has very tense muscles in the lower cervical region. It is also mildly ataxic. The owner says that it fell while running outside. What should you do?
A) Perform spinal manipulation immediately
B) Recommend radiographs but go forward with spinal manipulation if the O declines
C) Pursue further diagnostics which may include radiographs of the neck
C: Pursue further diagnostics which may include radiographs of the neck
Why is it important for an animal to stand with its feet evenly under its body i.e. square?
It is the most energy efficient and balanced.
What is the main goal of proprioceptive systems?
To keep the animal upright
The wings of the atlas are angled (cranially/caudally)?
Caudally
When an animal jumps, just before take off it flexes the joints of the hind limbs (uses a counter-movement). Why do they use a counter-movement?
To increase the force generated by the hind limbs
Why is prolonged stretching contraindicated before exercise?
It resets the muscle spindle cells to a longer length and creates joint laxity
When should a lameness exam include a VMM exam?
Always
How many carpal bones are there?
7
Which group of muscles originate on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Carpal extensors
The muscles that extend the elbow and extend the carpus are innervated by which nerve?
Radial
T/F: The triceps long head, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid are all shoulder extensors.
FALSE–shoulder flexors
The temporalis muscle originates on the _____ and inserts on the _____.
Temporal fossa; coronoid process
