Homeostasis and the Endocrine System Flashcards
What is body temperature and pH at homeostasis?
pH = 7.4
Temperature = 37°C
The nervous system and endocrine system both maintain homeostasis. What are the main differences in how they operate?
Endocrine system
- sends chemical messages
- has slower action
- long duration
What does a receptor do?
detects stimulus
What does an effector do?
Cell or organ that responds to commands from the control center to enhance or oppose the stimulus
Endocrine glands rely on _________ (direct/indirect) pathways.
Indirect; endocrine glands send chemical messengers (hormones) to the bloodstream
True or false: almost any cell can respond to hormones
False; hormones affect only specific target cells
Name the two classes of hormones.
Amino acid based hormones
Steroid hormones
Amino acid based hormones are __________. (hydrophobic/hydrophillic)
Hydrophillic
Steroid hormones are ___________. (hydrophobic/hydrophillic)
Hydrophobic
True or false: target cells can be influenced by different hormones.
True
Why are insulin receptors decreased in individuals with type II diabetes?
Because receptors on the cell decrease when a hormone is present in excess
Which hormones can pass freely through cell membranes?
Steroid hormones
Which type of hormones do cytoplasmic receptors bind to?
Steroid hormones
Which type of hormones do cell surface receptors bind to?
amino acid-based hormones
Which feedback system usually controls hormone release?
Negative feedback
What three types of stimuli regulate endocrine glands?
- Hormonal
- Humoral
- Neural
How does humoral stimuli regulate endocrine glands?
Endocrine cells respond to concentration of blood and interstitial fluid
______ _______ cells of the pancreas respond to elevated _________ _______.
Beta islet; blood glucose
What type of stimuli do beta islet cells respond to? (humoral/hormonal/neural)
Humoral
How does hormonal stimuli regulate endocrine glands?
Secretion of one hormone is regulated by the presence of another
Human growth hormone (GHRH) is inhibited by the hormone Somatostatin. This is an example of what type of stimuli.
Hormonal stimuli
How does neural stimuli help regulate endocrine glands?
Endocrine cells respond to signals from the nervous system.
Neurons of the sympathetic nervous system cause secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This is an example of what type of stimuli.
Neural stimuli
True or false: As long as I think logically about the material, its as easy as pie.
True
What does it mean when a hormones have an agonist/antagonistic relationship?
One hormone increases function; the other hormone decreases function
Two hormones that regulate blood glucose concentration.
Insulin and glucagon
High blood glucose stimulates _______ cells in the pancreas to secrete __________.
beta; insulin
Low blood glucose stimulates ________ cells in the pancreas to secrete _________.
alpha; glucagon
Insulin causes ________ (absorption/release) of glucose to the cells.
absorption
Glucagon causes _________ (absorption/release) of glucose to the blood
release
