Homeostasis and the Endocrine System

Question 1

What is body temperature and pH at homeostasis?

Answer 1

pH = 7.4

Temperature = 37°C

Question 2

The nervous system and endocrine system both maintain homeostasis. What are the main differences in how they operate?

Answer 2

Endocrine system

• sends chemical messages
• has slower action
• long duration

Question 3

What does a receptor do?

Answer 3

detects stimulus

Question 4

What does an effector do?

Answer 4

Cell or organ that responds to commands from the control center to enhance or oppose the stimulus

Question 5

Endocrine glands rely on _________ (direct/indirect) pathways.

Answer 5

Indirect; endocrine glands send chemical messengers (hormones) to the bloodstream

Question 6

True or false: almost any cell can respond to hormones

Answer 6

False; hormones affect only specific target cells

Question 7

Name the two classes of hormones.

Answer 7

Amino acid based hormones

Steroid hormones

Question 8

Amino acid based hormones are __________. (hydrophobic/hydrophillic)

Answer 8

Hydrophillic

Question 9

Steroid hormones are ___________. (hydrophobic/hydrophillic)

Answer 9

Hydrophobic

Question 10

True or false: target cells can be influenced by different hormones.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Why are insulin receptors decreased in individuals with type II diabetes?

Answer 11

Because receptors on the cell decrease when a hormone is present in excess

Question 12

Which hormones can pass freely through cell membranes?

Answer 12

Steroid hormones

Question 13

Which type of hormones do cytoplasmic receptors bind to?

Answer 13

Steroid hormones

Question 14

Which type of hormones do cell surface receptors bind to?

Answer 14

amino acid-based hormones

Question 15

Which feedback system usually controls hormone release?

Answer 15

Negative feedback

Question 16

What three types of stimuli regulate endocrine glands?

Answer 16

• Hormonal
• Humoral
• Neural

Question 17

How does humoral stimuli regulate endocrine glands?

Answer 17

Endocrine cells respond to concentration of blood and interstitial fluid

Question 18

______ _______ cells of the pancreas respond to elevated _________ _______.

Answer 18

Beta islet; blood glucose

Question 19

What type of stimuli do beta islet cells respond to? (humoral/hormonal/neural)

Answer 19

Humoral

Question 20

How does hormonal stimuli regulate endocrine glands?

Answer 20

Secretion of one hormone is regulated by the presence of another

Question 21

Human growth hormone (GHRH) is inhibited by the hormone Somatostatin. This is an example of what type of stimuli.

Answer 21

Hormonal stimuli

Question 22

How does neural stimuli help regulate endocrine glands?

Answer 22

Endocrine cells respond to signals from the nervous system.

Question 23

Neurons of the sympathetic nervous system cause secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This is an example of what type of stimuli.

Answer 23

Neural stimuli

Question 24

True or false: As long as I think logically about the material, its as easy as pie.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What does it mean when a hormones have an agonist/antagonistic relationship?

Answer 25

One hormone increases function; the other hormone decreases function

Question 26

Two hormones that regulate blood glucose concentration.

Answer 26

Insulin and glucagon

Question 27

High blood glucose stimulates _______ cells in the pancreas to secrete __________.

Answer 27

beta; insulin

Question 28

Low blood glucose stimulates ________ cells in the pancreas to secrete _________.

Answer 28

alpha; glucagon

Question 29

Insulin causes ________ (absorption/release) of glucose to the cells.

Answer 29

absorption

Question 30

Glucagon causes _________ (absorption/release) of glucose to the blood

Answer 30

release