Functions of the Endocrine System Flashcards
The pituitary gland is connected to which part of the brain.
Hypothalamus
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
How many hormones do each lobe release?
Anterior = 6
Posterior = 2
What structure triggers or inhibits the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus
What 6 hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
- Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OT)
Where does thyroid stimulating hormone go and what it do?
Goes to thyroid gland
Causes release of T3 & T4 hormones
Increases metabolic rate
Where does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) go and what it do?
Goes to adrenal cortex (on kidneys)
Stimulates release of hormones hormones there
Affects glucose metabolism
What does growth hormone do?
stimulate growth and maintenance of muscle and bone
What do prolactin (PR) do?
Simulate mammary gland development
Initiates milk production
What do Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do in females? Males?
Females: stimulates oestrogen and follicle development
Males: testosterone concentration
What do Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do in females? Males?
Females: induces ovulation and stimulates production of oestrogen and progesterone
Males: testosterone production
What do Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?
Don’t let you go peepee
Keep water in the body
Doesn’t work when alcahol is around
What do oxytocin (OT) do?
Stimulate uterus contractions (fuck you)
Promotes milk ejection
Fun fact: OT released when ppl cuddle “love hormone”
What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
What hormones regulate BMR and growth and development rate
T3 and T4
What hormone reduces blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
What hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete?
Parathyroid hormone
What do parathyroid hormone do?
Increases blood calcium levels
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla? (2)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex? (3)
- Glucocorticoids
- aldosterone
- androgens
These pancreatic cells secrete glucagon
alpha islet cells
These pancreatic cells secrete insulinn
beta islet cells
What organs produce oestrogens and progesteronne?
Ovaries
What organs secrete androgens (testosterone)
Ya balls
Reduced growth hormone during development causes….
Pituitary dwarfism
Overproduction of growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close causes….
Gigantism
Overproduction of growth hormone AFTER epiphyseal plates close causes…
Acromegaly (enlarged face, feet, hands)
Why is tom thumb highlighted in your powerpoint?
IDK but he had pituitary dwarfism
Was Mendel a reverend?
He was a monk (just in case)
What hormones control metabolic rate?
Thyroid hormones
What it do when theres overproduction of thyroid hormone
Graves’ disease
High metabolic rate and body temp
What it do when theres underproduction of thyroid hormone?
Low metabolic rate and body temp.
Cretinism
Overproduction of insulin causes:
Paul Blart Mall Cop
hypoglycemia (really super bad) – can induce coma
Underproduction of insulin causes:
Diabetes type I
What the beta cells doing when someone has type I diabetes?
They aint doin shiiiit
aka not PRODUCING enough insulin
Whats going on with insulin in type II
They produce normal amount of insulin but cells just don’t respond it it
What is ADH also known as?
Vasopressin
