Homeostasis

Question 1

skin receptors are sensitive to

Answer 1

0.5 degree in temperature change, blood to brain

Question 2

thermoregulatory centre

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

high temperature

Answer 3

more energy transfer to surroundings: sweat (water evaporation is cooling), vasodilation (more blood flow to capillaries by skin, flushed)

Question 4

low temperature

Answer 4

less energy transfer to surroundings: no sweat, vasoconstriction (blood vessels contract, less blood flow, less heat radiation), shivering (rapid, exothermic, transfer of heat to body)

Question 5

negative feedback loop

Answer 5

regulating change in levels back to normal, receptor, coordination centre, effector

Question 6

thyroxine

Answer 6

basal metabolic rate, iodine, neck, stimulating w TSH in pituitary glands, negative

Question 7

adrenaline

Answer 7

top kidneys, ready action, rate up for glucose and o2 to brain, dilation, respiration up, blood to limbs

Question 8

renal vein

Answer 8

waste

Question 9

renal artery

Answer 9

oxygenated blood

Question 10

nephron

Answer 10

tiny tubes connecting kidneys to the artery

Question 11

glomerulus

Answer 11

blood capillary network

Question 12

loop of . . .

Answer 12

henle

Question 13

collecting duct

Answer 13

into ureter, surrounded with blood vessels

Question 14

importance of excretion

Answer 14

body not poisoned by own waste products

Question 15

urea

Answer 15

poisonous nitrogenous waste, liver breaks down amino acids, excess water and salt

Question 16

deamination

Answer 16

amino group removed from amino acid by liver due to toxicity of ammonia

Question 17

carbon skeleton

Answer 17

useful substances

Question 18

ultrafiltration

Answer 18

small molecules filter out through capillary walls into nephron tube whilst large sty in the blood, high pressure system

Question 19

selective reabsorption

Answer 19

molecules required as reabsorbed via active transport into the bloodstream

Question 20

2nd tube

Answer 20

glucose reabsorbed

Question 21

reabsorption of water

Answer 21

collecting duct

Question 22

not excreted in urine

Answer 22

protein and glucose

Question 23

Anti Diuretic Hormone

Answer 23

if increases, increases water reabsorption in nephron, low concentrated urine, manages water concentration in the blood

Question 24

excretion

Answer 24

rid of metabolism’s waste products

Question 25

egestion

Answer 25

no inclusion of bloodstream

Question 26

precipitate out due to a high salt and mineral ion diet

Answer 26

kidney stones

Question 27

blood not filtered effectively by kidney, plasma/ protein/ cells pass through bowman’s capital, not reabsorbed

Answer 27

renal failure

Question 28

dialysis machine

Answer 28

artificial role of kidney

Question 29

dialysate concentration

Answer 29

lower urea + salt so diffuse out of blood, equal sugar + mineral ion, semipermeable so no blood cells lost

Question 30

anticoagulant

Answer 30

anti blood clotting

Question 31

why is blood removed from the patient in a dialysis machine?

Answer 31

to be cleaned

Question 32

kidney transplant

Answer 32

healthy from donor, more effective from alive, correct blood/tissue (leukocyte antigens) /immune system