Homeostasis Flashcards
skin receptors are sensitive to
0.5 degree in temperature change, blood to brain
thermoregulatory centre
hypothalamus
high temperature
more energy transfer to surroundings: sweat (water evaporation is cooling), vasodilation (more blood flow to capillaries by skin, flushed)
low temperature
less energy transfer to surroundings: no sweat, vasoconstriction (blood vessels contract, less blood flow, less heat radiation), shivering (rapid, exothermic, transfer of heat to body)
negative feedback loop
regulating change in levels back to normal, receptor, coordination centre, effector
thyroxine
basal metabolic rate, iodine, neck, stimulating w TSH in pituitary glands, negative
adrenaline
top kidneys, ready action, rate up for glucose and o2 to brain, dilation, respiration up, blood to limbs
renal vein
waste
renal artery
oxygenated blood
nephron
tiny tubes connecting kidneys to the artery
glomerulus
blood capillary network
loop of . . .
henle
collecting duct
into ureter, surrounded with blood vessels
importance of excretion
body not poisoned by own waste products
urea
poisonous nitrogenous waste, liver breaks down amino acids, excess water and salt
deamination
amino group removed from amino acid by liver due to toxicity of ammonia
carbon skeleton
useful substances
ultrafiltration
small molecules filter out through capillary walls into nephron tube whilst large sty in the blood, high pressure system
selective reabsorption
molecules required as reabsorbed via active transport into the bloodstream
2nd tube
glucose reabsorbed
reabsorption of water
collecting duct
not excreted in urine
protein and glucose
Anti Diuretic Hormone
if increases, increases water reabsorption in nephron, low concentrated urine, manages water concentration in the blood
excretion
rid of metabolism’s waste products
egestion
no inclusion of bloodstream
precipitate out due to a high salt and mineral ion diet
kidney stones
blood not filtered effectively by kidney, plasma/ protein/ cells pass through bowman’s capital, not reabsorbed
renal failure
dialysis machine
artificial role of kidney
dialysate concentration
lower urea + salt so diffuse out of blood, equal sugar + mineral ion, semipermeable so no blood cells lost
anticoagulant
anti blood clotting
why is blood removed from the patient in a dialysis machine?
to be cleaned
kidney transplant
healthy from donor, more effective from alive, correct blood/tissue (leukocyte antigens) /immune system
