Biodiversity, Human Impacts

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

range of different species living in an ecosystem

Question 2

factors affecting biodiversity

Answer 2

human population growth, waste, land (destroys habitats, pollution, demand)

Question 3

land pollution

Answer 3

untreated waste chemicals infiltrate soil, weedkiller wash into waterways affecting animals)

Question 4

bioaccumulation

Answer 4

toxins cannot be broken down + build up at each stage of food chain

Question 5

water pollution

Answer 5

fertiliser nitrate washed into waterways, stimulated algae growth increasing competition so fish die, O2 used up, aerobic animals die

Question 6

peat bogs

Answer 6

carbon sink ecosystem, bogs dry to form peatlands, high acidity

Question 7

peatland

Answer 7

sphagnum moss, low O2 in peat bogs so do not decompose completely

Question 8

use of peat bogs

Answer 8

compost, fuel, seed germination, food

Question 9

why are dead trees worse than no trees?

Answer 9

no CO2 removal, burnt with combustion, decomposers (release CO2)

Question 10

global warming

Answer 10

some radiation passes through atmosphere, reflected off surface as infrared some escaping back into space, greenhouse gases absorb radiation and reemit

Question 11

how can we maintain biodiversity

Answer 11

breeding programmes, habitat regeneration + protection, reintroduce fiel margins, recycle, decrease deforestation + CO2 levels

Question 12

why is the bottom of the biomass pyramid largest?

Answer 12

high energy from Sun, not wasted

Question 13

how to measure biomass

Answer 13

fresh and dry, evaporation and quadrats

Question 14

food security

Answer 14

enough food to feed an entire population

Question 15

factors affecting food security

Answer 15

change in diets, pathogens, population growth, conflict

Question 16

ways food is produced

Answer 16

livestock fed high protein food, kept in ideal small conditions

Question 17

how to decrease efficiency of food production

Answer 17

feeding protein to animals as it adds an extra stage to chain, less biomass at final stage to be eaten

Question 18

how to increase efficiency of land use

Answer 18

grow and eat plants directly , biomass directly produces human biomass

Question 19

how to maintain good production conditions

Answer 19

maximum weight gain, welfare conditions

Question 20

benefits of fish farming

Answer 20

cheap, high protein food

Question 21

overfishing laws

Answer 21

increase hole size of nets to allow smaller fish to escape, quotas

Question 22

biotechnology use

Answer 22

modifies organism’s production of insulin, increase shelf life

Question 23

mycroprotein

Answer 23

fungi grown with cheap glucose syrup aerobically, harvested so biomass processed, shapeable, sustainable