Defences

Question 1

antiseptic secretions

Answer 1

eyes produces tears, fighting chemicals

Question 2

respiratory/digestive system

Answer 2

nose = cilia and mucus, trachea = cilia, bronchi = mucus, urinal openings = mucus

Question 3

skin

Answer 3

covered in plates of bacteria that regrow to prevent permanent microbes, sebaceous glands of sebum , preventing dehydration of internal organs

Question 4

white blood cells

Answer 4

produce antitoxins to neutralise germs’ toxins and inhibit unwanted microorganisms

Question 5

phagocytes

Answer 5

non-specific; surround, engulf, destroy

Question 6

lymphocytes

Answer 6

produces antibodies specific to antigen, t-memory cell for immunity

Question 7

comparing symptoms, monoclonal antibodies, taking samples

Answer 7

detecting plant diseases

Question 8

low nitrates in soil

Answer 8

low protein = low growth

Question 9

low magnesium

Answer 9

low chlorophyll = low photosynthesis

Question 10

nematode worms

Answer 10

eat xylem, low water/mineral ion intake

Question 11

aphids

Answer 11

puncture stems, low phloem sugar sap = weakened plant

Question 12

cell wall

Answer 12

prevents aphids

Question 13

cuticle

Answer 13

barrier entry for pathogens

Question 14

tree bark or dead cells

Answer 14

lowers invasion

Question 15

loss of leaves

Answer 15

loss of pathogens

Question 16

drooping

Answer 16

dislodges insect or animal

Question 17

hairy

Answer 17

low laying and feeding

Question 18

chemical plant barriers

Answer 18

antibacterial, lowering bacterial disease + poison, deterring predator