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Physiology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

process of maintaining a relatively constant/stable internal environment

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2
Q

What is the set point?

A

the measure that the body is trying to maintain with homeostasis

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3
Q

What is the external environment?

A

outside the body

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4
Q

What is the extracellular fluid?

A

internal environment; inside body, outside the cells

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5
Q

What makes up the extracellular fluid?

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

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6
Q

What is the intracellular fluid?

A

intracellular environment= inside the cells, cytoplasm

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7
Q

Is homeostasis dynamic or static?

A

dynamic
-levels change over short period of time but remain constant over long period of time

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8
Q

When homeostasis is maintained it is…

A

physiology

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9
Q

When homeostasis is not maintained it is…

A

pathophysiology

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10
Q

What is cellular homeostasis?

A

function of each cell
cytoplasm of single cell
necessary for normal cell function
relies on component of extracellular fluid

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11
Q

What are the two types of extracellular fluid homeostasis?

A

local and systemic

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12
Q

What is local homeostasis?

A

-restricted to one tissue space
-utilizes paracrines and autocrines
-maintain function of tissue

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13
Q

What is systemic homeostasis?

A

-involves entire body
-utilizes nervous system and endocrine system
-maintain function of heart and brain

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14
Q

What systems are involved with systemic homeostasis?

A

endocrine and nervous system

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15
Q

What type of signaling are involved with local homeostasis?

A

autocrine and paracrine

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16
Q

What must be maintained in order for the cells to maintain homeostasis?

A

extracellular fluid

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17
Q

What is the order of the simple systemic homeostatic process?

A

-stimulus
-reflex receptor
-afferent pathway
-integrating center
-efferent pathway
-effector
-effector response

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18
Q

What is the stimulus?

A

first domino
-changes in ECF composition, body temp, BP, etc

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19
Q

What does the threshold stimulus (sensitivity) determine?

A

the amplitude of the normal range

20
Q

What actually are the reflex receptors?

A

cluster of cells, individual cells, cell parts or molecules in the membrane or cytoplasm of cells

21
Q

What is the reflex receptor?

A

detects changes in substance

22
Q

What type of reflexes have afferent pathways?

A

ONLY nervous system reflexes
-NOT THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

23
Q

What is the threshold stimulus?

A

determines amplitude of the normal range

24
Q

why does the endocrine system not have an afferent pathway?

A

integrating stuff is already in the endocrine system so do not have to bring it to one for signaling

25
Q

What is the afferent pathway?

A

carries information from reflex receptors to integrating center
-NS reflexes only
-sensory neurons

26
Q

What is the integrating center?

A

receives stimulus, analyzes information and generates appropriate response

27
Q

What are the integrating center are in the endocrine system?

A

endocrine gland

28
Q

What are the integrating centers of the nervous system?

A

brain/spinal cord

29
Q

What is the efferent pathway?

A

carries commands from integrating center to effectors

30
Q

What is the efferent pathway for the endocrine system?

A

hormones

31
Q

What are the efferent pathways of the nervous system?

A

motor neurons

32
Q

What is the effector?

A

any cell affects by efferent pathway

33
Q

What are the two levels of the effector response?

A

local effector response and systemic effector response

34
Q

What is the local effector response?

A

how the cell (effector) function is changed by the efferent pathway

35
Q

What is the systemic effector response?

A

how ECF (whole body) changed by local effector response

36
Q

Is there only one way to make systemic responses?

A

no, there are normally many local effectors that will cause the same systemic effector

37
Q

What is feedback regulation?

A

how systemic effector response changes the function of the reflex receptor

38
Q

What are the two types of feedback regulation?

A

Negative and positive feedback

39
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

decreases activity shutting off pathway
-keeps variable fluctuating around the setpoint (homeostatic)

40
Q

What is positive feedback ?

A

increases activity further activating pathway (non-homeostatic)

41
Q

What is tonic level of activity?

A

at rest, a homeostatic pathway is neither completely shut off or fully active

42
Q

What is antagonistic control?

A

in many instances a single systemic effector response is controlled by two different efferent pathways but in opposite directions

43
Q

What is mechanistic explanation?

A

describes how something happens

44
Q

What is an example of positive feedback?

A

blood clotting

45
Q

What part of the homeostatic process is involved with tonic level of activity?

A

efferent pathway

Physiology (15 decks)

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