Holgar Videos (Druggy Dogs)

Question 1

What is clonus?

Answer 1

• shivering or flex/extension prolonged in response to a single stimulus

Question 2

Which breeds are commonly affected by vascular lesions?

Answer 2

grey hounds/lurchers

Question 3

What is high velocity/low volume disk extrusion?

Answer 3

• acute nucleus pulposus extrusion (cant actually tell the velocity)
• bit of healthy disk breaks off and shoots into SC
• initially painful, improvies within 24hours

Question 4

Why does the cauda equina exist? Where does it begin?

Answer 4

• SC and vertebral column grow at different rates (L1 in humans, L??? in dogs, further back in small breeds)

Question 5

What is Shiff-Sherrington? Is this a prognostic indicator?

Answer 5

• ^ tone htoracic limbs
• no tone pelvic limbs
• d/t border cels thoracolumbar region affected
• NOT a prognostic indicator, but worse Shiff-Sherrington indicates deeper structures affected so likely vascular event (affecting middle of SC) cf. cord compression d/t IVDD etc.

Question 6

Tx vascular lesions?

Answer 6

• optimise perfusion (fluids)

- cage rest

Question 7

Ddx for shiff-sherrington type presentation?

Answer 7

C1-C5 lesion

- r/o as proprioception of forelimbs still present with Shiff

Question 8

How may UMN lesions present?

Answer 8

• acute: flaccid “spinal shock” T3-L3 myelopathy looks like LMN, peracute lesion with NO reflexes - will resolve spontaneously ~24hrs
• chronic: spastic

Question 9

What pathology are border terriers predisposed to?

Answer 9

> canine epileptoid cramping disorder

• episodic, paroxysmal, normal conciousness but all 4 limbs affected (~= generlsied seizure)
• GI problems also seen - gassy

Question 10

What is labrador myopathy?

Answer 10

congenital centronuclear myopathy

Question 11

What pathology are bulldogs predisposed to?

Answer 11

> idiopathic head tremors

• “yes” or “no” shaking
• 60% will grow out of the conditions

Question 12

How can neurologic, NMJ and muscular problems be differentiated?

Answer 12

> muscles
- paresis, no ataxia
> NMJ (botulism/myasthenia gravis) 
- worsens with excercise
> nerves
- motor and sensory (most neuropathies affect both) 
- 4 limbs affected
- ataxia poss
- v reflexes 
- Ddx C1-C5 myelpathy (reflexes would be ok in this case)