Forebrain Dz Flashcards

1
Q

what is the forebrain? what is it formed of?

A

area of brain rostral to the tentorium cerebelli (divides cerebellum and forebrain)
- formed of telencephalon (cerebrum) and thalamus (part of diencephalon)

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2
Q

Know where different regionsof the cortex lie

A
  • olfactory bulbs and tracts
  • forntal lobes
  • parietal lobes
  • temporal lobes
  • occipital lobes q
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3
Q

Which cranial nerves do not exit the brainstem?

A

1 + 2

- all others exit the brainstem

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4
Q

Where do the olfactory bulbs and tracts lead to and what are they responsible for?

A
  • perception of smell
  • cell bodies in nasal epithelium
  • cribiform plate
  • limbic system
  • cribiform lobe
  • rhinencephalon
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5
Q

what is specieal about CN1 and 2?

A

not really nerves
- olfactory tracts are collections of lots of small fibres
-

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6
Q

temporal lobe responsible for..

A
  • adutiroy area
  • vestibular concious perception
  • pyriform lobe olfactory and limbic system (emotion)
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7
Q

frontal lobes responsible for..

A
  • mainly motor area

- corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts of CONTRALATERAL body

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8
Q

parietal lobes repsonsible for..

A

sensory mainly, some motor areas (or to motor areas? hard to tell from notes..)

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9
Q

occipital lobes responsible for..

A

visual concious perception

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10
Q

Outline the visual pathway

A
  • Retina
  • optic nerve [retinal ganglion cells, glial cells and meninges, myelinated extension of the brain]
  • optic chiasm (lateral retina remains ipsilateral, medial retina decussates)
  • optic tract
  • lateral geniculate nucleus
  • optic radiation
  • occipital lobe
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11
Q

What is papilloedema?

A
  • bulging of the optic nerve into the vitreous d/t optic neuritis
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12
Q

Outline the path of the menace response

A
  • visual pathway
  • occipital lobe association fibres to motor cortex
  • projection fibres to PONTINE nucleus in pons (brainstem)
  • transverse fibres to contralateral cerebellar cortex
  • efferent cerebellar fibres to facial nuclei
  • facial nerve to obicularis oculi m.
  • blink
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13
Q

When may the menace be absent for reasons other than tract problems?

A
  • first 10-12 weeks (learned response)
  • stressed
  • lethargic
  • disorientated patients
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14
Q

CLinical signs of forebrain dysfunction

A

> mental status
- altered (depression/delerium/confusion/stupor/coma)
- behavioural changes ( thalamic) eg. hemi-neglect syndrome where one visual FIELD is lost [eg. will only eat half of dinner etc.]
seizures
- always indicate forebrain involvement by definition
gait
- normal OR
- head pressing
- body turn [pleurothotonus], head turn or circling towards side of lesion
postural reaction deficits
- loss of concious postural reactions (eg. paw placement) on contralateral limb to lesion
decreased facial sensation
- contralateral to lesion
- trigem branches all 3 have sensory component (+ mandibular has motor)
- pathway to parietal and frontal lobes
NORMAL spinal reflexes
- (unless multifocal dz causing them elsewhere)

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15
Q

Which side of the brain do visual deficits in hemi-neglect syndrome indicate the lesion is on?

A

opposite side to visual defect side

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16
Q

Which side is the lesion with a left head turn?

A

Left

17
Q

What type of ataxia does forebrain involvmenet cause?

A

proprioceptive

18
Q

What are the 3 branches of trigem? Which are sensory and which are motor?

A
opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
- all sensory 
- mandibular only = motor to mm. of mastication
19
Q

Which parasite can cause ^Intracranial pressure in the cat?

A
  • Taenia parasitic cysts
  • ^ ICP squashes cerebellum
  • > transtentorial herniation and herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum
20
Q

slides of tx of cases supposed to be put on learn???

A

-