Holderness CS Flashcards
Location
east riding of Yorkshire, east coast of England
name the main coastal features
flanborough head, Bridlington bay, Spurn point, Humber estuary
how much has the coastline retreated since roman times?
3-5km - loss of 27 villages
what are the aims for the shoreline management plan?
protect key settlements. protect key roads and infrastructure, protect gas processing facility.
what is their main coastal protection method to achieve the SMP’s aims?
hold the line at some settlements (bridlington bay, withernsea, hornsea, mappleton)
and doing nothing in less populated areas
Unpopular with farmers and owners of homed on these stretches)
what are the key features of Flanborough head?
chalk headland and WCP with erosional landforms and cliff profile.
what are some processes which occur on Flanborough Head?
abrasion, corrosion, hydraulic action, solution and sub area weathering - freeze thaw.
what are the main issue at Flanborough Head?
rock fall, tourists accidents, ships
what are some key features of Bridlington bay?
beaches and a bay, cliff slump, constructive and destructive waves, prevailing NE wind = LSD
what are some processes which occur at Bridlington bay?
erosional - LSD, mass movement, beach reduction.
what are the main issues in Bridlington Bay?
rapid cliff erosion = loss of land = debate about coastal management strategies.
what are the key features of Spurn point?
spit with recurved head, marsh, estuary, nature reserve, lifeboat station.
Key processes at Spurn Point
depositional, current convergence, spit development and loss, LSD
key issues at Spurn Point
erosion of spit neck
factors affecting the coastal system
the geology (chalk = hard) sea level rise high energy wind = long fetch
How much are sea levels rising at Holderness as a result of climate change?
4mm per yr
How much of the coast is removed during a stormy year?
7-10m
How much land from the Holderness coast is lost to the sea every year on average?
1.8m
Prevailing winds
NE
how many m2 of good farmland is lost at Holderness coast each yr?
80,000m2
how far from the cliff edge is Easington gas terminal?
25m
what are the main problems Holderness faces due to erosion?
loss of settlement and farmland
loss of infrastructure
loss of special scientific sites of interest (SSSI’s)
what hard engineering strategies have been used to protect Bridlington?
4.7 km of sea wall, and timber groynes
how long is Holderness coastline?
61km long
how much of Holderness coastline is protected with hard engineering?
11.4km of 61km of coastline
how long were the revetements built to protect Mappleton village and the B1242 coastal road?
500m long revetement
how many rock groynes were built to protect Mappleton and the B1242 coastal road?
2 rock groynes
how much did the hard engineering structures protecting Mappleton and the B1242 road cost?
£2 million
what hard engineering structure did a landowner in Skipsea use to protect his caravan site?
gabbions
what hard engineering structure protects the gas terminal?
revetements
what hard engineering structures have been used in Holderness?
sea walls, timber and rock groynes, revetement, gabions, and rip rap.
how are groynes an unsustainable solution to erosion?
- groynes starve beaches further south of sediment = increased erosion
- sediment doesnt reach the humber estuary = increased flooding
the protection of local areas is leading to the formation of bays, how is this negatively effecting the coast?
wave pressure on headlands increases = cost of maintaining sea defences with get too high.
what are the benefits and problems with managed realignment
caravan parks are moved further inland allowing the coast to erode at its normal rates, more evenly without endangering people and businesses.
BUT issues surrounding compensation and finding available land for relocation
what were the benefits and issues with taking the ‘do nothing’ approach with spurn head?
saves money and allows the spit to function naturally
But over washing is damaging the marsh environment behind and the lifeboat station is at risk.
what are the problems with the rock revetements at the gas terminal?
only protect a span of 1km so the Easington village isnt protected. and the defences may increase erosion at SSSI to the south.
