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GEOGRAPHY physical > Holderness CS > Flashcards

Holderness CS Flashcards

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1
Q

Location

A

east riding of Yorkshire, east coast of England

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2
Q

name the main coastal features

A

flanborough head, Bridlington bay, Spurn point, Humber estuary

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3
Q

how much has the coastline retreated since roman times?

A

3-5km - loss of 27 villages

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4
Q

what are the aims for the shoreline management plan?

A

protect key settlements. protect key roads and infrastructure, protect gas processing facility.

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5
Q

what is their main coastal protection method to achieve the SMP’s aims?

A

hold the line at some settlements (bridlington bay, withernsea, hornsea, mappleton)
and doing nothing in less populated areas
Unpopular with farmers and owners of homed on these stretches)

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6
Q

what are the key features of Flanborough head?

A

chalk headland and WCP with erosional landforms and cliff profile.

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7
Q

what are some processes which occur on Flanborough Head?

A

abrasion, corrosion, hydraulic action, solution and sub area weathering - freeze thaw.

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8
Q

what are the main issue at Flanborough Head?

A

rock fall, tourists accidents, ships

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9
Q

what are some key features of Bridlington bay?

A

beaches and a bay, cliff slump, constructive and destructive waves, prevailing NE wind = LSD

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10
Q

what are some processes which occur at Bridlington bay?

A

erosional - LSD, mass movement, beach reduction.

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11
Q

what are the main issues in Bridlington Bay?

A

rapid cliff erosion = loss of land = debate about coastal management strategies.

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12
Q

what are the key features of Spurn point?

A

spit with recurved head, marsh, estuary, nature reserve, lifeboat station.

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13
Q

Key processes at Spurn Point

A

depositional, current convergence, spit development and loss, LSD

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14
Q

key issues at Spurn Point

A

erosion of spit neck

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15
Q

factors affecting the coastal system

A 
the geology (chalk = hard)
sea level rise
high energy wind = long fetch
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16
Q

How much are sea levels rising at Holderness as a result of climate change?

A

4mm per yr

17
Q

How much of the coast is removed during a stormy year?

A

7-10m

18
Q

How much land from the Holderness coast is lost to the sea every year on average?

A

1.8m

19
Q

Prevailing winds

A

NE

20
Q

how many m2 of good farmland is lost at Holderness coast each yr?

A

80,000m2

21
Q

how far from the cliff edge is Easington gas terminal?

A

25m

22
Q

what are the main problems Holderness faces due to erosion?

A

loss of settlement and farmland
loss of infrastructure
loss of special scientific sites of interest (SSSI’s)

23
Q

what hard engineering strategies have been used to protect Bridlington?

A

4.7 km of sea wall, and timber groynes

24
Q

how long is Holderness coastline?

A

61km long

25
Q

how much of Holderness coastline is protected with hard engineering?

A

11.4km of 61km of coastline

26
Q

how long were the revetements built to protect Mappleton village and the B1242 coastal road?

A

500m long revetement

27
Q

how many rock groynes were built to protect Mappleton and the B1242 coastal road?

A

2 rock groynes

28
Q

how much did the hard engineering structures protecting Mappleton and the B1242 road cost?

A

£2 million

29
Q

what hard engineering structure did a landowner in Skipsea use to protect his caravan site?

A

gabbions

30
Q

what hard engineering structure protects the gas terminal?

A

revetements

31
Q

what hard engineering structures have been used in Holderness?

A

sea walls, timber and rock groynes, revetement, gabions, and rip rap.

32
Q

how are groynes an unsustainable solution to erosion?

A
  • groynes starve beaches further south of sediment = increased erosion
  • sediment doesnt reach the humber estuary = increased flooding
33
Q

the protection of local areas is leading to the formation of bays, how is this negatively effecting the coast?

A

wave pressure on headlands increases = cost of maintaining sea defences with get too high.

34
Q

what are the benefits and problems with managed realignment

A

caravan parks are moved further inland allowing the coast to erode at its normal rates, more evenly without endangering people and businesses.
BUT issues surrounding compensation and finding available land for relocation

35
Q

what were the benefits and issues with taking the ‘do nothing’ approach with spurn head?

A

saves money and allows the spit to function naturally

But over washing is damaging the marsh environment behind and the lifeboat station is at risk.

36
Q

what are the problems with the rock revetements at the gas terminal?

A

only protect a span of 1km so the Easington village isnt protected. and the defences may increase erosion at SSSI to the south.

GEOGRAPHY physical (20 decks)

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