Holderness CS

Question 1

Location

Answer 1

east riding of Yorkshire, east coast of England

Question 2

name the main coastal features

Answer 2

flanborough head, Bridlington bay, Spurn point, Humber estuary

Question 3

how much has the coastline retreated since roman times?

Answer 3

3-5km - loss of 27 villages

Question 4

what are the aims for the shoreline management plan?

Answer 4

protect key settlements. protect key roads and infrastructure, protect gas processing facility.

Question 5

what is their main coastal protection method to achieve the SMP’s aims?

Answer 5

hold the line at some settlements (bridlington bay, withernsea, hornsea, mappleton)
and doing nothing in less populated areas
Unpopular with farmers and owners of homed on these stretches)

Question 6

what are the key features of Flanborough head?

Answer 6

chalk headland and WCP with erosional landforms and cliff profile.

Question 7

what are some processes which occur on Flanborough Head?

Answer 7

abrasion, corrosion, hydraulic action, solution and sub area weathering - freeze thaw.

Question 8

what are the main issue at Flanborough Head?

Answer 8

rock fall, tourists accidents, ships

Question 9

what are some key features of Bridlington bay?

Answer 9

beaches and a bay, cliff slump, constructive and destructive waves, prevailing NE wind = LSD

Question 10

what are some processes which occur at Bridlington bay?

Answer 10

erosional - LSD, mass movement, beach reduction.

Question 11

what are the main issues in Bridlington Bay?

Answer 11

rapid cliff erosion = loss of land = debate about coastal management strategies.

Question 12

what are the key features of Spurn point?

Answer 12

spit with recurved head, marsh, estuary, nature reserve, lifeboat station.

Question 13

Key processes at Spurn Point

Answer 13

depositional, current convergence, spit development and loss, LSD

Question 14

key issues at Spurn Point

Answer 14

erosion of spit neck

Question 15

factors affecting the coastal system

Answer 15

the geology (chalk = hard)
sea level rise
high energy wind = long fetch

Question 16

How much are sea levels rising at Holderness as a result of climate change?

Answer 16

4mm per yr

Question 17

How much of the coast is removed during a stormy year?

Answer 17

7-10m

Question 18

How much land from the Holderness coast is lost to the sea every year on average?

Answer 18

1.8m

Question 19

Prevailing winds

Answer 19

NE

Question 20

how many m2 of good farmland is lost at Holderness coast each yr?

Answer 20

80,000m2

Question 21

how far from the cliff edge is Easington gas terminal?

Answer 21

25m

Question 22

what are the main problems Holderness faces due to erosion?

Answer 22

loss of settlement and farmland
loss of infrastructure
loss of special scientific sites of interest (SSSI’s)

Question 23

what hard engineering strategies have been used to protect Bridlington?

Answer 23

4.7 km of sea wall, and timber groynes

Question 24

how long is Holderness coastline?

Answer 24

61km long

Question 25

how much of Holderness coastline is protected with hard engineering?

Answer 25

11.4km of 61km of coastline

Question 26

how long were the revetements built to protect Mappleton village and the B1242 coastal road?

Answer 26

500m long revetement

Question 27

how many rock groynes were built to protect Mappleton and the B1242 coastal road?

Answer 27

2 rock groynes

Question 28

how much did the hard engineering structures protecting Mappleton and the B1242 road cost?

Answer 28

£2 million

Question 29

what hard engineering structure did a landowner in Skipsea use to protect his caravan site?

Answer 29

gabbions

Question 30

what hard engineering structure protects the gas terminal?

Answer 30

revetements

Question 31

what hard engineering structures have been used in Holderness?

Answer 31

sea walls, timber and rock groynes, revetement, gabions, and rip rap.

Question 32

how are groynes an unsustainable solution to erosion?

Answer 32

- groynes starve beaches further south of sediment = increased erosion - sediment doesnt reach the humber estuary = increased flooding

Question 33

the protection of local areas is leading to the formation of bays, how is this negatively effecting the coast?

Answer 33

wave pressure on headlands increases = cost of maintaining sea defences with get too high.

Question 34

what are the benefits and problems with managed realignment

Answer 34

caravan parks are moved further inland allowing the coast to erode at its normal rates, more evenly without endangering people and businesses. BUT issues surrounding compensation and finding available land for relocation

Question 35

what were the benefits and issues with taking the 'do nothing' approach with spurn head?

Answer 35

saves money and allows the spit to function naturally | But over washing is damaging the marsh environment behind and the lifeboat station is at risk.

Question 36

what are the problems with the rock revetements at the gas terminal?

Answer 36

only protect a span of 1km so the Easington village isnt protected. and the defences may increase erosion at SSSI to the south.