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GEOGRAPHY physical > HAZARD - storms > Flashcards

HAZARD - storms Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of tropical storms occur in eastern asia?

A

33%

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2
Q

what areas are particularly prone to storms?

A

east pacific
west australia
caribbean

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3
Q

typhoon

A

N HEMISPHERE tropical storms in asia

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4
Q

hurricane

A

N HEMISPHERE atlantic and north pacific

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5
Q

cyclone

A

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE tropical storm in the south pacific and indian ocean

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6
Q

what is the average wind speed needed to be classified as a tropical storm?

A

75mph

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7
Q

what are the 4 conditions required for the formation of a tropical storm?

A
  • sea water above 27*C
  • disturbance in the air, near the sea surface (low pressure)
  • convergence of air in the lower atmosphere (warm and cold air)
  • corriolis effect , over 5* from equator
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8
Q

how many degrees from the equator are tropical storms able to form?

A

over 5*

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9
Q

What is the Coriolis effect

A

force caused by the earths rotation, deflects the path of winds accelerating spinning = circular wind patterns
weak at the equator

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10
Q

diameter of a typical tropical storm

A

500km

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11
Q

what direction do cyclones turn

A

anticlockwise - northern hemisphere

clockwise - southern hemisphere

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12
Q

latent heat

A

heat required to turn solids to liquids to gas

this energy drives the storm

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13
Q

Formation of a tropical storm

A
  • sun warms sea to 27*c
  • evaporation of water = warm air rise
  • cools, condenses, forms rain clouds
  • pressure gradient = cool air rushes in to replace lost warm air
  • Coriolis effect- warm air rushed up from sea surface begins to spin
  • strong winds carry the storm across the ocean.
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14
Q

what causes tropical storms to become stronger

A

if the ocean is hot enough

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15
Q

what weakens a tropical storm

A

moves over land or cooler oceans

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16
Q

ITCZ

A

intertropical convergence zone
= 5-25*C north and south of the equator
where most tropical storms originate

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17
Q

Storm hazards

A 
high winds= destroy buildings, uproot trees,
storm surges = large rise in sea levels
heavy rain 
flooding
landslides
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18
Q

what percentage of deaths during a storm are due to storm surges?

A

90%

19
Q

saffir-simpson scale

A

measures the intensity of tropical storms based on the highest wind speed.

20
Q

category 1 wind speed

A

74mph 119km/h

21
Q

category 2 wind speeds

A

96 mph 154km/h

22
Q

category 3 wind speed

A

111 mph 178km/h

23
Q

category 4

A

131mph 210km/h

24
Q

category 5

A

156mph+ 250km/h+

25
Q

limitations of the Saffir-Simpson Scale

A

doesn’t assess the impacts of rainfall or areas affected

lower categories may have larger impacts on vulnerable or highly populated areas.

26
Q

frequency

A

recent yrs have seen an increase in numbers of storms

but pattern is erratic

27
Q

preparedness

A

train and prepare emergency services for a storm
evacuation routes.
educate

28
Q

adaption

A

building design to withstand tropical storms
(reinforced concrete, fix roofs securely)
flood defences
stilts

29
Q

prevention

A

impossible

but scientists study storms to understand which areas are at the highest risk so we can avoid them.

30
Q

has the magnitude increased

A

in theory it should: increased temp= warmer oceans = moire moisture and therefore more intense storms.
BUT the increased winds act as negative feedback so the magnitude has not increased.

31
Q

what months of the year are storms most common

A

august to October

32
Q

NOAA

A

national oceanographic and atmospheric administration

33
Q

how does the NOAA predict tropical storms

A

sea surface temp, atmospheric conditions, short term climate cycles ( el nino and la nina)

34
Q

hurricane return period

A

the frequency at which a hurricane of a given (saffir-simpson )category can be expected to return within a given distance to a certain location.
(other factors are also at play)

35
Q

social impacts

A 
flooded sewage  = water borne disease
property damage
homelessness
looting
loss of jobs
rise in insurance
stress and trauma
36
Q

economic impacts

A

cost of repairs
businesses loss of profit
damage crops
oil prices increase due to difficulties in extraction

37
Q

environmental impacts

A

damage sensitive ecosystems
fish killed due to silting - freshwater fish killed from storm surge
flooding and mudslides

38
Q

mitigation strategies

A

warning systems
evacuation drills
flood defences and schemes
disaster aid

39
Q

preparedness

A 
increase awareness
structural improvements
emergency supplies
plan evacuation route
insurance -risk sharing
warning
40
Q

safe homes programme

A

insurance department gives grants to improve structural support in homes (USA)

41
Q

cloud seeding

A

attempt to dissipate the storm by changing the amount or type of precipitation
but was not affective

42
Q

storm surge elevation mark

A

show which buildings are at risk and where to build in the future

43
Q

land zoneing

A

flood land is low value and used for recreation

44
Q

adaptions

A

land zoning, storm surge elevation mark and building codes

GEOGRAPHY physical (20 decks)

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