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OSPE > HNS > Flashcards

HNS Flashcards

1
Q

what passes through the cribriform plate

A

CN1 (olfactory)

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2
Q

what passes through the optic canal (2)

A

CN2 (optic nerve)

ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure (5)

A 
CN3 (oculomotor)
CN4 (trochlear)
CN5a (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal)
CN6 (abducens)
ophthalmic vein
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4
Q

what passes through the foramen rotundum

A

CN5b (maxillary branch of trigeminal)

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5
Q

what passes through the foramen ovale

A

CN5c (mandibular branch of trigeminal)

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6
Q

what passes through the foramen spinosum (2)

A

middle meningeal artery

middle meningeal vein

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7
Q

what passes through the carotid canal

A

internal carotid artery

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8
Q

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus (2)

A

CN7 (facial)

CN8 (vestibulocochlear)

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9
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen (4)

A

CN9 (glossopharyngeal)
CN10 (vagus)
CN11 (accessory)
internal jugular vein

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10
Q

what passes through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN12 (hypoglossal)

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11
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum (a bunch)

A

spinal roots of accessory nerves
spinal cord
vertebral arteries

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12
Q

what passes through the stylomastoid foramen

A

CN7 (facial)

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13
Q

what C vertebrae is the body of the hyoid level with?

A

C3

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14
Q

what C vertebrae is the cricoid cartilage level with?

A

C6

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15
Q

what C vertebrae is the upper border of the thyroid cartilage level with?

A

C4

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16
Q

what are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

midline of the neck
anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
inferior border of the mandible

17
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
anterior border of trapezius
clavicle

18
Q

what is the afferent pathway involved in the accommodation reflex

A

retina -> optic nerve (CN2) -> optic chiasm -> optic tract -> lateral geniculate body -> optic radiation -> visual cortex

19
Q

what is the efferent pathway involved in the accommodation reflex

A

visual cortex -> pretectal nuclei -> Edinger-Westphal nucleus -> CN3 -> sphincter pupillae

20
Q

how is the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve tested

A

test sensation in the skin from the top of the head down to the upper eyelids

21
Q

how is the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve tested

A

test sensation in the skin from the anterior temple and middle part of the face down to the corners of the mouth

22
Q

how is the sensory function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve tested

A

test sensation in the strip of skin running down from the middle part of the temple and the skin anterior to the ear going down to the chin

23
Q

how is the motor function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve tested

A

palpate masseter (cheek) and temporalis (temples) muscles

24
Q

how is the motor function of the facial nerve tested

A

act the patient to make faces:

  1. smile
  2. frown
  3. close eyes tightly
  4. lift eyes
  5. show teeth
  6. puff cheeks
25
Q

how is the glossopharyngeal nerve tested

A

use tongue depressor to evoke gag reflex

glossopharyngeal nerve is main sensory nerve for posterior 1/3rd of tongue and oropharynx

26
Q

how is the motor function of the vagus nerve tested

A

ask pt to open their mouth and say “ahh”
look for elevation of the uvula
deviation occurs away from the lesion

27
Q

how is the motor function of the hypoglossal nerve tested

A

ask pt to stick out tongue
deviation occurs towards the lesion

hypoglossal nerve is only motor nerve of the tongue

28
Q

what is the surface landmark of C7

A

cervical vertebra with a prominent spinous process

29
Q

what is the surface landmark of T3

A

level of the medial end of the scapular spine

30
Q

what is the surface landmark of T7

A

level with the inferior angle of the scapula

31
Q

what is the surface landmark of L2

A

level of the lowest part of the 12th rib

32
Q

what is the surface landmark of L4

A

level of the iliac crest

33
Q

what is the position of the external jugular vein

A

line from earlobe/angle of mandible to the mid-clavicle

34
Q

what is the position of the IJV

A

line from earlobe/angle of mandible to sternoclavicular joint
slightly lateral and parallel to the common carotid artery

35
Q

where is a cricothyroidotomy performed

A

through the cricothyroid membrane which is between the thyroid and the cricoid cartilage

36
Q

where is a tracheostomy performed

A

midway between the cricoid cartilage and the suprasternal notch

OSPE (6 decks)

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