Cardio

Question 1

what are the borders of the heart

Answer 1

3,6,5,2

right side:
3rd to 6th CC, just right of sternal border

left side:
2nd CC to 5th ICS. 2nd is 2.5cm from sternum, 5th is midclavicular line

Question 2

where do you auscultate the different heart valves

Answer 2

Prostitutes (pulmonary) Always (aortic) Take (tricuspid) Money (mitral) anti-clockwise on patient
2,2,5,5

Pulmonary = left 2/3rd ICS near sternum 
Aortic = right 2nd ICS near sternum 
Tricuspid = left 5th ICS near sternum 
Mitral = left 5th ICS at mid-clavicular line

Question 3

where is a venepuncture performed

Answer 3

cubital fossa - aiming for medial cubital vein

Question 4

where is the apex beat felt

Answer 4

left 5th ICS in mid-clavicular line (same as mitral valve sound)

Question 5

what are the surface markings of the arch of the aorta

Answer 5

behind manubrium
3 trunks: brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian arteries

begins at right 2nd CC, ends at left 2nd CC, arches midway between jugular notch and sternal angle

Question 6

what are the surface markings of the internal jugular vein

Answer 6

from point medial to mandibular angle to the sternal end of the clavicle

just lateral to common carotid arteries and deep to sternocleidomastoid

Question 7

what are the surface markings of the common carotid artery

Answer 7

runs from sternoclavicular joint to mandibular angle

medial to IJV

approximately follows sternocleidomastoid muscle