Abdo Flashcards
what is the position of the inguinal ligament
ASIS to pubic tubercle
where is the superficial inguinal ring
superficial and lateral to the pubic tubercle
where is the deep inguinal ring
midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle, anterior to inguinal ligament
what are the differences between male and female pelvic inlet and subpubic angle
pelvic inlet: heart shaped in men. circular in women
subpubic angle: greater in women (80-85 degrees) than in men (50-60 degrees)
women have wider pubic arch than men
what are the 9 abdominal regions
epigastric region L/R hypochondrium umbilical region L/R lumbar region (flank) suprapubic region R/L iliac region
what planes separate the 9 abdominal regions
vertical = mid-clavicular line horizontal = sub-costal plane, transtubercular plane
how is the subcostal plane found
it is a line joining the lowermost bony point of the rib cage
at the level of L2/3
how is the transpyloric plane found
located halfway between jugular notch of manubrium and pubic symphysis
the tip of the 9th costal cartilage
at the level of L1
how is the trans tubercular plane found
it is a line across the left and right iliac tubercles
at the level of L5
how is the supracristal plane found
it is a line joining the highest points of the iliac crest - roughly at the umbilicus
at the level of L4
where is the pylorus of the stomach located
in transpyloric plane (L1) 2.5cm left of the midline
located in left hypochondriac and epigastric region
where is the duodenum located
1st part is at the transpyloric plane
2nd part runs downwards for about 7.5cm, to the subcostal plane 5cm right of the midline
3rd part (turns back on itself) crosses the midline just above umbilicus
ends just left of midline at L2/3
4th part is at the level of L2 2.5cm left of the midline
where is the appendix and located
right iliac and hypogastric regions
where is the caecum located
right iliac fossa region close to the inguinal ligament
where is the ascending colon located
right lumbar region
where is the descending colon located
left lumbar region
where is the urinary bladder located
hypogastric region
where is the spleen located
lies along rib 9, 10, 11
between erector spinal muscles and mid-axillary line
where is the gall bladder located
where the transpyloric plane meets the right clavicular line (9th cc)
where is the liver located
upper border: from right 5th rib to left 5th ICS in mid-clavicular line
oblique border: follows right costal margin from right mid-axillary line, through 9th costal cartilage, to the tip of the left 5th ics in midclavicular line
right border: right costal margin in mid-axillary line to 5th rib
where are the kidneys located
the hilum of kidneys is around the transpyloric plane (L1)
left kidney is slightly higher
medial border (hilum): about 4.5cm from posterior midline
each kidney is 9-12cm long by 5-7cm wide
superior pole is in line with T11 and covered by 12th rib. inferior poles are 3-4cm above the iliac crest
where are the ureters of the kidneys located
descend vertically from hula to iliac fossa
where is pain from the foregut felt
T5-9 dermatome and epigastric region
where is pain from the midgut felt
umbilical region
