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MBBS II HNNS > HNNS Anatomy - Larynx > Flashcards

HNNS Anatomy - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of the larynx.

A
  1. Laryngeal inlet = Protect lower respiratory tract/ sphincteric
  2. Vocal cord = Phonation, whisper, coughing, wheezing, sneezing
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2
Q

Overall structure of the larynx.

A

Fibrous: membranous or ligamentous

Cartilages:

  • 1 Cricoid cartilage
  • 1 thyroid cartilage
  • 2 arytenoid cartilage
  • 1 epiglottic cartilage
  • Corniculate cartilage
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3
Q

Composition of larynx cartilages.

A

All = hyaline

except epiglottic = yellow cartilage

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4
Q

3 membranes of the larynx.

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricothyroid membrane/ Conus elasticus
Quadrangular membrane

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5
Q

Define which ligaments form the true and false vocal cords?

A

Cricothyroid membrane: upper margin forms vocal ligament/ true vocal cord

Quadrangular membrane: Lower margin form vestibular ligament/ false vocal cord

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6
Q

Define attachment of vocal cord.

A 
Anterior = thyroid cartilage 
Posterior = Vocal process of arytenoid process
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7
Q

Define the coverings for the vocal folds?

A

True vocal cord/ vocal ligament: Vocal folds

False vocal cord/ vestibular ligament: vestibular folds

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8
Q

Space between vocal cords?

A

Rima glottidis

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9
Q

Describe space between the 2 vocal cords. Function of this space?

A

Mucosa between 2 vocal cords herniates:

Opening = Sinus
Space inside = Saccule/ Ventricle

Mucous glands inside saccule moisten vocal folds and prevent damage

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10
Q

Name of space above and below vocal cords.

A

Cavity between inlet and vestibular folds = Vestibule/ supraglottic compartment
Cavity below ‘’ = Infraglottic compartment

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11
Q

Extrinsic muscles the elevate the larynx. (7)

A

Diagastric

Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Stylopharyngeus
Salphingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

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12
Q

Extrinsic muscles that depress the larynx. (3)

A

Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid

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13
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx that act on laryngeal inlet. (3)

A

Aryepiglottic muscle
Oblique arytenoid muscle
Thyroepiglottic muscle

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14
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx that act on vocal cords. (6)

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (Abduction)

Lateral cricoarytenoid (Adduction) 
Transverse and Oblique arytenoid (Adduction)

Cricothyroid (tense/ lengthen cord)

Thyroarytenoid + Vocalis (tense/ shorten cord)

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15
Q

Sensory nerve supply of larynx.

A

Above vocal cord: Internal laryngeal nevre

Below vocal cord: Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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16
Q

Motor nerve supply of larynx intrinsic muscle.

A

All supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid m. (External laryngeal n.)

17
Q

Blood supply of larynx.

A

Superior thyroid a.&raquo_space; Superior laryngeal a.

Inferior thyroid a.&raquo_space; Inferior laryngeal a.

18
Q

Venous drainge of larynx.

A

Laryngeal vein&raquo_space; Internal jugular vein

19
Q

Lymphatic drainage of larynx.

A

Superior and Inferior deep cervical LN

20
Q

Define the nerve supply of the extrinsic muscles of larynx that elevates larynx.

A

Diagastric = V3, CN7

Stylohyoid = CN7 
Mylohyoid = V3
Geniohyoid = C1

Stylopharyngeus *
Salphingopharyngeus *
Palatopharyngeus *
* = Pharyngeal plexus

21
Q

Define the nerve supply of the extrinsic muscles of larynx that depresses larynx.

A

Infrahyoid muscles:

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis from C1-C3 cervical plexus

22
Q

Name the 2 joints between the thyroid cartilage.

A

Cricothyroid joint = Ant. & Post. movement

Cricoarytenoid joint = Medial & Lateral movement

23
Q

Which thyroid membrane has opening for a nerve.

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

Opening for Superior laryngeal nerve and Internal laryngeal nerve

24
Q

Describe connection between epiglottis and Vestibular ligament/ false vocal cord.

A

Quadrangular membrane, bound on the edge by Aryepiglottic fold

2 muscles run alongside:
Thyroepiglottic and Aryepiglottic muscle
» control opening of laryngeal inlet

25
Q

List the muscles from midline to lateral of RIma glottidis.

A

Vocal cord&raquo_space; Vocalis&raquo_space; Thyroarytenoid muscle

26
Q

Aryepiglottic muscle is a continuation of which muscle?

A

Oblique arytenoid m.&raquo_space; continue as aryepiglottic muscle&raquo_space; attach to epiglottis

27
Q

Which 2 muscle contract to control the laryngeal inlet?

A

Thyroepiglottic and Aryepiglottic muscle

28
Q

Define the attachment to the 2 processes of the arytenoid cartilage.

A

Vocal process = attach to vocal cord

Muscular process = attach to intrisic muscle

MBBS II HNNS (57 decks)

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