HLTH chapter 2 Flashcards
Psychological health
includes mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions – it is the sum of how we think, feel, relate, and exist in oour day-to-day lives
what are the elements of psychologically healthy people
- the feel good about thenselves
- the feel comfortable with other people and feel respect and compassion for others
- the control tension and anxiety
- they meet the demands of life
- they curb hate and guilt
- they maintain a positive outlook
- they value diversity
- they appreciate and respect the world around them
Define mental health
the thinking part of psychological health; includes values, attitudes and beliefs
define emotional health
the feeling part of psychological health; includes your emotional reactions to life
emotions
intensified feelings or complex patterns of feelings we regularly experience
define emotional intelligence
a persons ability to identify, understand, use, and manage emotional states effectively and interact positively with others in relationship’s
Define Social Health
aspects of psychological health that includes interactions with others individually and in groups, ability to use social supports and ability to adapt to various situations
Define social bonds
the level of closeness and attachement with other individuals
social support
networks of people and services with whom you share ties and from whom you get support
what is spiritual health
the aspect of psychological health that relates to havinhf a sense of meaning and purpose to ones life, as well a feeling of connectin with others and with nature
dysfunctional damilies
families in which there is violence; physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, parental disorder or other negative family interactions
self-efficiency
belief in ones own ability to perform a task successfully
self-esteem
sense of self-respect or self-worth
define learned helplessness
pattern of responding to situations by giving up because of repeated failures in the past
what is learned optimism
teaching oneself to think positively
psychoneuroimmunology
the science that examines the relationship between the brain and behavior and how this affects the bodys immune system
what is subjective well-being
an uplifting feeling of inner peace
what are neurotransmitters
chemicals that relay messages between nerve cells or from nerve cells to other body cells
What is mental illness
disorders that disrupts thinking, feeling, moods and behaviors and that impair daily functions
chronic mood disorder
experience of persistent emotional state suchs as sadness, despair hoplessness or euphoria
major depression
dsevere depression disorder that entails chronic mood disorder, physical effects such as sleep disturbance and exhaustion and mental effects such as the inability to concentrate also called clinical depression
definre dysthymic disorder
a type of depression that is milders and harder to recognize than major depression
bipolar disorder
a form or mood disorder characterized b alternating mania and depression
An individual who is 22 percent above his or her ideal weight would be classified as
obese
True or False- Studies reveal that identical twins are more likely than fraternal twins to be of similar weight.
True
what happens When blood levels of the hormone leptin rise,
appetite levels decrease.
What percentage of dieters are likely to regain lost weight within two years?
75%
Kevin wants to lose 5 pounds of fat. He finds it hard to cut back on his eating, so he decides that he will walk an hour each day to burn more calories. How many extra calories must he expend to lose a pound of fat?
3500
true or false- As Body Mass Index increases, an adult’s overall health risk also increases.
true
Cell phones, computers, and other modern technologies have contributed to the current obesity epidemic. (true/false)
True
Problems with the BMI measurement include that
it is an indirect estimate of body fat.
John underwent a body composition test that involved being submerged to compare his underwater weight with land weight to determine the amount body fat. This method of assessment is known as a
hydrostatic weighing.
The method of body composition measurement that sends a small current through the body to measure the resistance based on percentage of body water is
bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Data from the National Health Interview Survey show that 4 in 10 adults
never engage in any exercise, sports, or physically active hobbies.
In addition to the United States, which nations or regions are also experiencing an obesity epidemic?
Mexico and the United Kingdom
Individuals who go on and off starvation diets multiple times to lose weight will likely end up with a __ basal metabolic rate
a lower basal metabolic rate.
The concept of adaptive thermogenesis attempts to explain
how thin people can consume large amounts of calories without gaining weight.
Some scientists believe that the hypothalamus does all of the following EXCEPT
- disrupts adaptive thermogenesis.
- aids in adaptive thermogenesis.
- regulates appetite.
- monitors the level of certain nutrients in the blood.
-disrupts adaptive thermogenesis.
The body adapts to prolonged fasting or carbohydrate deprivation by converting body fat to ketones to be used as fuel for brain cells, a process called
ketogenesis
When fasting or eating a very-low-calorie diet for prolonged periods, the body will obtain fuel from its energy stores. One of the last reserves the body will use is
protein in muscle and organ tissue.
The weight loss drugs Redux and Pondimin (also known as fen-phen) were recalled after FDA approval and widespread use because they were found to
damage heart valves.
Some forms of cancer are associated with obesity. (True/false)
true
A mother’s decision to bottle-feed her baby, as opposed to breast-feeding, would increase the child’s chances of becoming obese. (True/false)
true
Regular aerobic exercise can reduce which type of cholesterol known as “bad cholesterol”?
LDLs
Which of the following is not true about hypothermia?
- It is a potentially fatal condition from abnormally low body temperature.
- In early stages it causes shivering. - It usually happens in temperatures below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. - It may produce poor judgment, apathy, and amnesia.
It usually happens in temperatures below 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
Exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease by all of the following EXCEPT
- increasing heart efficiency.
- improving blood flow. - increasing LDL levels. - increasing the number of capillaries.
increasing LDL levels.
what is tai chi?
Tai chi is an ancient Chinese form of exercise widely practiced in the West that promotes balance, coordination and meditation.
The principle of fitness training that holds that the body should be gradually required to do more than it is used to doing is
overload
All of the following are overuse injury EXCEPT
- ligament sprain
- shin splints. - plantar fasciitis. - runner's knee.
ligament sprain
All of the following are part of the RICE formula for treating sports and fitness-related injuries EXCEPT
- elevate the injured extremity. - apply heat at the injury site. - rest the injured body part. - compress the injury with an elastic bandage.
apply heat to the injury
When doing some form of aerobic exercise, you are at an appropriate intensity when you are
able to talk to someone
the body’s core muscles are
back and abdominals
Which type of exercise is designed to increase heart rate?
Aerobic
Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of muscles in the lower back.
False
Regular physical activity decreases LDL levels and increases HDL levels in the blood.
True
Plantar fasciitis
An inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes.
The human heart is about the size of a(n)
ADULTS FIST
Which of the following statements is true with regard to atherosclerosis?
- It starts to develop after the age of 50.
- Males are much more likely to develop it than are women. - It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries which form plaque. - It is easily reversed with medication and exercise.
It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries which form plaque.
An individual would most likely suffer from angina pectoris when
walking up stairs
what is the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the heart?
Right atria, right ventricle, lungs, left atria, left ventricle, aorta.
Which of the following cholesterol profiles would not indicate an increased risk of coronary heart disease?
- total cholesterol=170; HDL=70
- total cholesterol=200; HDL=40 - total cholesterol=170; Triglycerides=160 - total cholesterol=180; LDL=135
total cholesterol=170; HDL=70
An adult with a damaged sinoatrial node
must have a pacemaker implanted to control the heart rhythm.
A reduction in the heart’s oxygen supply is a condition known as
myocardial infarction
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
- elevated triglycerides. - fat deposits in the abdomen. - low blood pressure. - insulin resistance.
low blood pressure
All of the following occur as part of congestive heart failure EXCEPYT
- blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs. - the heart becomes enlarged making it less efficient. - the walls of the heart and blood vessels become weakened. - the flow of blood through the veins backs up.
blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs.
Which of the following represents the most serious type of heart arrhythmia?
- Fibrillation - Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Sinus rhythm
-Fibrillation
Taking an aspirin a day is useful in treating cardiovascular disease because
- it reduces the risk of clot formation. - it increases the absorption of nutrients in cardiac muscle. - it decreases the likelihood of hypertension. - headaches are a leading cause of CVD.
it reduces the risk of clot formation.
A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her lymph nodes. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is moving throughout the body is called
metastasis.
Delay in seeking medical care for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) increases the risk of permanent damage and scarring that can lead to
infertility and ectopic pregnancy
Which of the following is caused by an increased production of a yeast like fungus normally present in the vagina?
- Candidiasis - Gonorrhea - Trichomoniasis - HPV
Candidiasis
When the body overreacts to a specific antigen, which is a hypersensitivity reaction, this is a(n)
allergic response
You woke up this morning with the worst headache of your life and you feel nauseous. . Your neck feels so stiff that you can hardly nod your head. Your roommate says your skin is very hot and you probably have a fever. Which of the following statements is true?
- You drank too much and your roommate should make you quit whining and get out of bed. - You are experiencing an aura associated with a migraine headache and your roommate should sleep somewhere else tonight. - You have meningitis. Both you and your roommate should contact and go to the student health clinic immediately. - You studied so much last night that you developed a tension headache. Your roommate should let you rest.
You have meningitis. Both you and your roommate should contact and go to the student health clinic immediately.
The common cold is always present in the population, meaning that it is
ENDEMIC
Mallory spent the summer working at a seafood restaurant in a small costal town. While there, she began a relationship with a man she later discovered was a user of IV drugs. Now Mallory has hepatitis, which type is she most likely to have?
hepatitis B.
A self-replicating protein-based agent that is thought to cause “mad cow disease” is a type of
prion.
Misty, now 31, has been trying to get pregnant since she got married 4 years ago. Her doctor suspects that their infertility problem was likely caused by her history of PID from the most commonly reported STI in the United States. During her early 20s, Misty had contracted
chlamydia
Betthany is 42 and has cervical cancer. It is probably related to an infection she had during her college years, which was
syphilis
TRUE/FALsE An antibody is any substance capable of triggering an immune response.
false
People 65 and older make up what percentage of the U.S. populations?
more than 12%
Justin’s Aunt Martha was told by her doctor that she has abnormal cells in her left lung. Since she is a nonsmoker and has had minimal exposure to carcinogens, her doctor believes that her condition is related to which theory of aging?
- Genetic mutation - Autoimmune - Wear-and-tear - Cellular
genetic mutation
All of the sexual changes occur in aging men EXCEPT
diminished ability to obtain an erection
extended duration of orgasm
decline in the angle of the erection
longer refractory period between orgasms
extended duration of orgasm
Jessica’s grandmother has frequent urinary tract infections, which her doctor attributes to an inability of her body to recognize and fight the bacteria which causes it. This is an example of which theory of aging?
autoimmune
A bone condition that is a major cause of disability in the United States is
rheumatoid arthritis .
Too often, drug interactions in elderly people are first diagnosed as which condition before the underlying cause is found?
Dementia
Nutrients considered especially important for healthy aging include
calcium, vitamin D, and protein.
Withholding life-prolonging treatments and allowing a terminally ill patient to die naturally is
passive euthanasia.
The genetic mutation theory attributes aging to the decline of the body’s immunological system. (T/F)
false
Gerontology explores the influences on aging and the ways in which people cope with and adapt to this process. (TRUE/FALSE)
True
Long-term exposure to formaldehyde can lead to
cancer and central nervous system disorders.
Ozone is an atmospheric layer that is
in the stratosphere and protects our planet from UVB radiation.
You have been looking at numerous new homes. The nausea and fatigue you are attributing to the stress of buying a new house may actually be due to exposure to
asbestos.
The chemical originally contained in aerosol propellants that is thought to have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer is
chlorofluorocarbons.
An example of a nonpoint source water pollutant is
- waste from a wood-chip factory. - waste from a sewage treatment plant. - industrial waste. - pesticide runoff.
pesticide runoff
The average person in the U.S. generates more than ________ pounds of municipal solid waste each day.
4
Conventional, scientifically based medicine is called
allopathic.
Due to the differences in training, an osteopathic physician would probably have more experience dealing with which condition than a medical doctor?
low back pain
True/false Requesting an x-ray when it is unnecessary but the patient demands it would be considered defensive medicine.
true
The primary difference between a board certified and board eligible physician is
- a board eligible physician has failed the board exam and only has one additional chance to take the exam and pass it. - a board certified physician is associated with an accredited health care facility. - a board certified physician has demonstrated competency in their area. - a board eligible physician practices complimentary alternative medicine.
-a board certified physician has demonstrated competency in their area.
An optometrist
- fits individuals for glasses. - Both performs eye exams and fits individuals for glasses. - prescribes medications to treat eye illnesses. - performs eye exams.
Both performs eye exams and fits individuals for glasses.
Based on the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), the United States spends more on healthcare than which country?
- China. - Germany. - All of these - England/the United Kingdom
all
true/false Allopathic medicine is based on scientifically validated methods and procedures.
true
