Biology: Macro Molecules

Question 1

what are the three domains of life

Answer 1

Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya (nucleus)

Question 2

what are the four different categories of Eukaryota

Answer 2

Plantae
fungi
animala
protisis

Question 3

what are the four main elements that make up the human body

Answer 3

Oxygen
Hydrogen
Cabon
Nitrogen

Question 4

define ‘atom’

Answer 4

the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of am element

Question 5

what makes up an atom

Answer 5

protons- (+)determines what type of element it is
Neutron- adds mass
electrons (-)

Question 6

why is water having a high specific heat important in living organisms?

Answer 6

Regulates extremes in the environment.

keeps the lower portions of lakes from freezing- allowing for fish to survive the winter.

Question 7

If a solution of PH 9 becomes 1000 times as acidic, what will the new PH be?

Answer 7

PH 6

Question 8

you discover a new dissacharide that is made up of two identical monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. If the chemical formula of the dissacharide is C10H18O9 what is the chemical formula of each monomer

Answer 8

C5H10O5

Why: the dehydration reaction would remove water (H2O) From the monomers so that they can combine.

Question 9

list 5 characteristics that define life

Answer 9

Reproduce
convert energy
evolve
response to environment
regulation
growth and development

Question 10

adjacent water molecules are joined by what type of bond?

Answer 10

Hydrogen

Question 11

LIthium (Li) has 1 electron is its outer shell. Selenium has 6. what will the charge of each be when their shell is stable?
What will be the chemical structure when they bond?

Answer 11

Li: +1
Se: -2
Chemical structure: Li2Se (becuse -2 needs +2 to balance out)

Question 12

what is the definition of specific heat?

Answer 12

the amount of energy it takes to move 1g of the substance 1 degree.

Question 13

Hydrophillic vs. Hydrophobic

Answer 13

Hydrophillic: charged or partially charged molecules that dissolve in water– molecules orient themselves around charges. Hydrogen will surround elements with a negative (-) charge while oxygen will surroun positive (+) charges.
Hydrophobic: does not dissolve in water– no charge (also known as Non-Polar)

Question 14

what are the main categories of Macro Molecules

Answer 14

Fats/Lipids: Long-term energy storage
Carbohydrates: energy storage & Plant structure
Proteins: enzymes
Nucelic Acids: information storage (DNA)

Question 15

Define ‘hydrolysis’

Answer 15

add in water to seperate polymers + monomers

Question 16

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Answer 16

Monosaccharide: Single saccharide
Disaccharide: Chain of 2 monosaccharides
polysaccaride: chain of several

Question 17

Starch vs Glycogen

Answer 17

both made of chains of glucose- starch is a chain while glycogen has ‘branches’

Question 18

Starch vs. cellulose

Answer 18

Orientation of saccharides alternates in cellulose.

Question 19

3 types of junctions between cells

Answer 19

Anchoring- button like. Holds cells together

Gap junction/communicating- allows a limited number of modules to pass

Tight junction- bind together. Prevents fluids from passing. Found in epithelial cells

Question 20

What’s chromatin fiber

Answer 20

DNA mixed together to form spaghetti like structure. Found in the nucleus

Question 21

Nuclear envelope

Answer 21

Also known as the membrane

Separated nucleons from cytoplasm

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

Active section of the Nucleus where ribosomes are formed