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spring Semester 2016 > Biology 3 > Flashcards

Biology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

list the steps of Mitosis

A 
1- Prophase
2- Metaphase
3- Anaphase
4- Telophase
5- Cytokinesis
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2
Q

List the steps of Meiosis

A 
MEIOSIS I
1- Prophase I
2-Metaphase I
3- Anaphase I
4- Telophase I and Cytokinesis
MEIOSIS II
1- Prophase II
2- Metaphase II
3- Anaphase II
4- Telophase II and Cytokinese
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3
Q

what is a Centromere

A

the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids

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4
Q

What are Chromatids?

A

One copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the other copy by a single centromere

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5
Q

what is Chromatin?

A

the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.

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6
Q

what are Chromosomes?

A

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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7
Q

what is crossing over in meiosis? and in which phases does it occur?

A

Crossing over occurs between prophase 1 and metaphase 1 and is the process where homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of their genetic material to form recombinant chromosomes

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8
Q

what is Cytokinesis?

A

he cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

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9
Q

Define Diploid

A

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

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10
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which, most often, a third copy of chromosome 21 is present in cells because of an abnormal cell division when the egg and sperm first meet.

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11
Q

What are the steps of interphase?

A

G1– start
S Phase– Double Chromosomes
G2– Mitosis

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12
Q

what is a Gamete?

A

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. (sperm/egg)

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13
Q

Histone

A

any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.

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14
Q

what are Homologous chromosomes?

A

Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical.

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15
Q

what is the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

A

Metaphase

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16
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, and each set ends up in its own nucleus.

17
Q

What is Nondisjunction

A

If nondisjunction occurs during anaphase I of meiosis I, this means that at least one pair of homologous chromosomes did not separate. The end result is two cells that have an extra copy of one chromosome and two cells that are missing that chromosome.

18
Q

Prophase

A

Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells (prep)

19
Q

what is telophase?

A

the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

20
Q

Trisomy

A

a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities.

21
Q

What happens in Prophase one

A

homogolous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments

22
Q

What happens in Metaphase One

A

Pairs of homologus chromosomes line up

23
Q

what happens in Anaphase one

A

pairs of homologus chromosomes split

24
Q

what happens in telophase one and cytokinesis

A

2 haploid cells form

25
Q

what happens in prophase two

A

another round of cell divison

26
Q

what happens in metaphase two

A

non-homologus chromosomes line up

27
Q

anaphase two

A

sister chromatids seperate

28
Q

Name the types of RNA

A

mRNA- messenger- transcribes genetic code carries genetic information from the nucleous to cytoplasm

rRNA- ribosomal- located in the cytoplasm. Directs translation of mRNA to proteins

tRNA-transfer - bring amino acids to ribosome that correspond to each three nucleotide codon of rRNA

29
Q

Cell signaling

A

Signal molecule binds to receptor protein which triggers relay proteins within the cell and turns on transcription

30
Q

2 strands of DNA bound together are called

A

Complimentary sequences

31
Q

In a complimentary strand of DNA “A” binds to __ and “g binds to __

A

A:T
G:C

32
Q

Steps of RNA processing

A

RNA is made through transcription – introns are removed – caps and tails are added

spring Semester 2016 (10 decks)

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