HLST PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
ppt 1
What is mental health according to WHO 2010?
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual recognizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to contribute to his to her community.
Mental health according to Canadian mental health association?
Resilience, self-actualization, balance(effectively juggling multiple demands), and an ability to enjoy life.
what perspective was missing in the definitions give by WHO and Canadian mental health association?
indicated that mental health can be LOW without, meaning you have mental illness.so “absence of mental illness is surely not enough”.
What is mental illness?
wide range of mental health conditions or disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behaviour.
examples of mental illness and health issues?
depression, anxiety disorders and panic attacks, schizophrenia, eating disorders, addictive behaviour, Bipolar disease, hypomania and mania, obsessive compulsive disorder, phobias, post traumatic stress disorders, self-esteem, stress
what do Canadians often suggest as mental health problems and mental illness as?
depression,anxiety -Mental health problems
schizophrenia- mental illness
what do some people suggest about schizophrenia?
that it should be referred as mental illness or brain disease(Alzheimers)rather than mental health problems, stop associating it with stress.
Is schizophrenia being biological and depression and anxiety being non biological but based on “mood disorders” fact?
NO
how do we see mental health disorders as currently?
nature-nurture
interaction of individual vulnerability and environmental factors
heritability of bipolar?
85%
what is the take of western society on entirely biological depression?
take medicine-no chance of prevention
what is languishing?
Absence of mental health
(individual may not meet the threshold for mental illness yet still have a poor mental health)
what are the typical goals for mental illness and mental health?
MENTAL ILLNESS-symptom reduction and relapse prevention
MENTAL HEALTH-health promotion
what should be the ideal thought of practitioners?
maximize mental health and minimize mental illness
what was thought to be the cause of mental illness in the 18th century?
rapid social change
urbanization
dislocations in society
How does vulnerability affects in the stress-vulnerability model?
(Nature-nurture)
more vulnerable-more readily manifest symptoms than less
what does the stress-vulnerability model recognizes ?
biological predisposition
(when a person has increased likelihood or higher chance to get a particular disease)
What does the stress- vulnerability model acknowledges?
benefit of teaching things such as:
stress management
problem solving
how do public policies /social norms influence our access/opportunities leading to inequities ?
1.Discrimination(ethnicity, gender,education,age)
2.income-job opportunity and job security
3.education
4.food security
5.early life experiences
6.Biological determinants-genetic risk, injury,pathogens and toxins.
what are the components thought as “biological determinants” influenced by?
SOCIAL DTERMINATION
What risks interact with biological factors?
social risk
environmental risk
behavioural risk
Globally how many mental illness cases can be found in low income countries?
75%
estimated number of psychiatrists in Nigeria?
200
what is the deep prejudice among men about mental health or depression?
I.e. men should not take care the there mental health
deal or conquer with problems, not expressing them
what was the stigma of person with mental health?
mad man-deadlocked hair-bumbling
what were thought to be the cause of mental illness in areas like Nigeria,africa?
Illicit drug use 34%
will of god 19%
witchcraft 12%
few cited known causes of mental health illness?
genetics
socio- economic status
war
conflict
loss of loved one
what was the fear of people especially Africans for coming out with mental health problems?
afraid of being recognized as the madman
derogatory and demeaning words given b y the society.
what does Delle quotes as he learned to handle anxiety in a society that’s uncomfortable with emotions?
“Being honest about how we feel doesn’t make us weak ,it makes us human.”
who displayed greater anxiety ,depressive symptoms, loneliness during covid-pandemic 19?
younger females(18-29 yrs old)
according to the data generated about mental health challenges(due to loneliness) during he height of pandemic who suffered the most?
younger females
individuals with lower income
people living alone
how did loneliness differentiate among people with different annual income?
<$50,000/year-higher
>$50,000/year-lower
how did pandemic affect economic equalities tied to mental health?
EXACERBATED
According to the the research, the negative impact of pandemic wash greater in which cateogary?
Women>men
what were the 2 surveys held during covid 19 to get the statistics of the people suffering with mental health issues?
CCHS-Canadian community health services(>12)
CPSS-Canadian perspective survey series(>15)
what was the difference in percentage of 15-24 aged in related to mental health as compared from 2018-2020?
dropped from 62%-42%
how many people responded to the CPPS survey?
> 4600 (29 March-3 April 2020)
When did CCHS used and what was the sole reason?
prior covid 19 (2018 ),used to compare Canadians’ self-perceived health
What does psychological well being means?
1.Lives going well(contribution of psycho, social and environmental biological factors)
2.feeling good and functioning effectively
________ are a normal part of life?
PAINFUL EMOTIONS
When is psychological well-being compromised due to negative emotions?
extreme, long-lasting,interfere with a person’s ability to function in his/her daily life.
what indicates psychological well being?
happiness
contentment
interest
engagement
confidence
affection
having some control over one’s life
having a sense of purpose
experiencing +ve relationships
what are the reasons of Research on mental well-being coming about?
a.need to study in its own right(since well being is more than absence of well being)
b.distinguish b/w these approaches(to improve psychological well-being):
treating disorder when its present
preventing disorder from occurring
enhancing well-being
c.more to reduce common mental and behavioural problems than by focusing exclusively on the treatment and prevention of disorder.
_________ in brain activation may reflect a person’s typical emotional style.
Asymmetries
measures of baseline prefrontal asymmetry are ________ in a adults but ________ during early childhood.
stable, not stable
individuals with a positive emotional style show higher level of_____ than _____ prefrontal activation at rest, while those with a negative emotional style tend to show higher level of _____ than _____ prefrontal activation at rest?
left than right
right than left
what are the factors that are likely to play crucial role during this formative period?
life events, parental influences, other environmental factors
what is used to know prefrontal activation?
fMRI,EEG
what are the drivers of psychological well- being?
1.personality
2.demographic factors(info as gender, age, marital status, family size, occupation, )
3.socioeconomic factors
______ is strongly associated with a +ve emotional style, while _______ is associated with a _ve emotional style.
extraversion(sociability)
neuroticism
according to data from USA what is the % composition of people flourishing as well as languishing?
17%-flourishing
11%-languishing
according to us data, languishing is highly prevalent to what age group and how do they cope up with it?
young people
sex, drugs and alcohol(making people more dysfunctional)
what is Psychological well-being is associated with?
flexible and creative thinking, pro-social behaviour and good physical health.
what affects An individual’s level of mental capital and psychological well-being?
early environment, particularly maternal care
what has a greater effect on our well-being than external circumstances?
one’s actions and attitudes
HAPPINESS according to Canadian mental health association?
resilience, self-actualiztion,balance,ABILITY TO ENJOY LIFE.
How does chronic anger and anxiety disrupt cardiac function ?
by changing the hearts electrical stability,
hastening atherosclerosis ,
increase systematic inflammation
what does the serious, sustained stress adds up to and leads to what?
“wear and tear”
illness such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes
what is “toxic stress” (Hair trigger physiological response)
continuous activation- body’s stress response system- early life trauma-chronic neglect, exposure to violence , or living alone with parent suffering severe mental illness.
EMOTIONAL VITALITY
sense of enthusiasm, hopefulness, engagement in life, ability to face life stresses with emotional balance.
research- Kubzansky- 2007
what appeared to reduce the risk of coronary disease in women and men aged 25-74 years?
Emotional vitality
what are some personal attributes suggested by research that are a key to happy, healthier lifestyle?
Emotional vitality
optimism
supportive network of family and friends
being good at “self-regulation”
According to kubzansky what cuts the risk of coronary heart disease in half?
Optimism
what is a NHANES and its purpose?
National health and nutrition examination survey-assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the US.
what do some public health professionals feel about positive emotions that kubzansky disagrees with?
state of mind=state of body
positive emotions marks the absence of negative moods and self-destructive habits.
what Is the percentage occurrence of heart attacks in US and common causes?
70-80%
lifestyle choices-diet, smoking, exercise,
what natural hormone acts as a neurotransmitter and is thought to be both a cause and affect of positive social relation ships?
Oxytocin
What is altruism?
benefitting others selflessly at a cost to oneself, positive emotions push negative emotions
reasonable altruism
who have worked in the field of neurobiology of aging?
Andrew steps toe and Jane Wardle
happiness predicts ______ and ________?
lower heat rate and blood pressure
what is heart rate viability?
time interval between heart beats and is associated with various heart diseases.
with one point increase in positive emotions, heart disease risk becomes___% lower.
22%
How does happiness strengthens your immune system?
1.positive emotions decrease development of common cold.
2.happy people have higher antibody response to a vaccine.
how did positive people respond to a vaccine?
higher antibody response(nearly 2x as compared to others)
how is the immune response of positive people?
on the happier days -better immune response
which is the stress hormone?
cortisol
how was happiness and stress relationship concluded?
1.most happiest-23% lower level of stress hormone(cortisol)
2.level of blood clotting protein which increases after stress was 12 times lower.
how is happiness related to pain?
those with higher positive emotions are very less likely to experience increase in pain.
what can be protective against disease?
happiness and optimism
what can be said as ultimate health indicator?
Longevity
happier people were ____% less likely to die over the course of 5 years than the others?
35%
how do positive emotions are harmful in late stage diseases and name some?
might due to the fact that happier people underreport, don’t get the proper treatment and are overly optimistic.
ex-end-stage kidney disease, early-stage melanoma, metastatic breast cancer.
according to the life expectancy of nuns what was the difference b/w years of life among those with positive emotions and negative emotions?
7-10 years
______ within one’s life is another major indicator of happiness and is also linked to longevity?
overall satisfaction
link between happiness and longevity is not extended among whom?
very ill
how does health contribute win long stage diseases?
not helpful
what does serious ,sustained stress or fear can alter?
biological system
what are some hair trigger physiological responses?
increased heart rate,B.P,hormones
what are researchers trying to determine by science of happiness?
role happiness plays in causing health benefits, distinguish affects of diff forms of happiness, effect of “extreme”happiness and other factor.
what does the new study of science of happiness suggests?
we should not look just at life satisfaction but life satisfaction variability
what are diff rooms of happiness according to researchers of science of happiness?
positive emotions and life satisfaction
we can _________ Happiness.
synthesis
what does Ted stands for?
Technology, Entertainment, Design
who Is author of stumbling on happiness and what ideas does he challenges?
DAN GILBERT
that we’ll be miserable if we don’t get what we want.
according to dan Gilbert our ______ lets us feel truly happen when things don’t go as planned.
physiological immune system
what is synthetic happiness?
what we make when we don’t get what we wanted, considered inferior
Researchers suggest that ______ may play a big role in our normal level of subjective well-being.
GENETICS
________ can bring down mood and dry up our thirst for living.
environmental factors
what were the 2 main characters of the movie inside out?
joy and sadness
you are born with ______ towards psychological states plus as anxiety, depression,happiness and optimism.
genetic predisposition,40-50%
how does income contributes in emotional well being and day to day happiness?
emotional well being rises up to a point with income
day to day happiness did not increase with higher incomes
what is the threshold amount of money beyond which it does not affects individual’s well being?
$75,000
what was the statement given by kahneman and deacon in relation to money with happiness and emotional well being?
“more money does not necessarily buy happiness, but less money is associated with emotional pain”
_______ makes us happier than possessions.
experiences
according to Thomas gilvoich _________ make powerful and important memories that I would’t trade for anything in the world?
Experiences
acc to researchers what may come with age?
some sense of happiness, expose themselves to less stress and experience less negative emotions
what are some social and emotional competence?
psychotherapy
meditation
faith-based activities
sports
spending time with friends
what does it mean b y mindfulness?
it means being present in the moment and observing in a non-judgemental way
mindfulness comes from ________ and is a key to ________ in tradition?
buddhism,meditation
therapies for what variety of conditions incorporate mindfulness?
eating disorder, depression and PTSD
mind wandering is associated with ________
unhappiness
