Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio120 > 8a > Flashcards

8a Flashcards

1
Q

what are the characteristics of the genetic material?

A

replication
storage of info
expression of that info
variation by mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what was the experiment performed by Frederick Griffith about?

A

to confirm DNA as the genetic material rather than proteins(1927-1928)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what was used by Griffith to inject in mice for his experiment

A

BACTERIUM-Streptococcus penumoniae- causing lung disease pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WHAT TWO DIFF STRAINS OF THE BACTERIUM WERE USED?

A

SMOOTH STRAIN
ROUGH STRAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

differentiate the strains used by Griffith as virulent and non virulent

A

Smooth(S) stain- virulent-mice died
Rough(R) stain-non virulent- mice survived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what present in S strain protect bacteria

A

they have a protective layer, polysaccharide coat, capsule- protects the cell from immune system or host’s defence system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why can R stain be destroyed easily

A

it lacks capsule, hence it can be easily killed by immune system(host defense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happened when heat killed s bacteria was injected

A

mice lived
thus heath killed S cells are benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

heat-killed S bacteria+R Bacteria

A

mice died
living type R cells have transferred into virulent type S cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what was the end hypothesis of Griffith’s experiment

A

a macromolecule from type S bacteria which functions as the genetic material will be able to convert the type R bacteria into type S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fredericks experiment was about ____ transformation

A

prokaryotic bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who identified the unknown macromolecule in Griffith experiment?

A

1944-Oswald Avery et al.
identified it as DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what did Griffiths and further Oswalds experiments established?

A

DNA is the genetic material in cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what was the Hershey-chase experiment about?

A

BACTERIOPHAGE infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what virus was used by Hershey-chase?

A

T2 that affect bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the structure of a virus

A

outer protein coat with DNA inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what radioactive compounds were in use to infect radioactive compounds

A

p32 (phosphorous), S35 (sulphur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what was the conclusion form the Hershey chase experiment

A

1.virus DNA enters the host bacterial cell rather than proteins
2.DNA is the hereditary material
3.Dna contains the info not only for forming th new DNA but also the new protein coat in new viruses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what happens when virus attacks the host bacteria

A

inserts its DNA into host
where it replicates, takes over cell machinery
produce Many more T2 viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define nucleic acids

A

polymers consisting of many nucleotide monomers, including DNA and RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define nucleotides?

A

Building blocks of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 3 essential components of nucleotides?

A

1.A nitrogenous base(thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine)
2.a pentose(ribose, five carbon sugar)
3.phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the front and back end of nucleotide?

A

5’ prime back end
3’ prime front end

24
Q

two strands in a double stranded DNA molecule are arranges in ___________ direction.

25
what are the 2 kinds of nitrogenous bases?
Purines(adenine, guanine) Pyrimidines(cytosine, thymine, uracil)
26
what is a nuclease composed of?
nitrogenous base and a ribose/deoxyribose sugar
27
how are nucleoside and nucleotides named?
according to the specific nitrogen base(A,C,T,G and U)
28
example of a nucleoside and nucleotide
nucleoside-(deoxy)adenosine nucleotide-(deoxy)adenylic acid
29
what replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil
30
nucleotides can also be described as?
nucleoside monophosphate nucleoside diphosphate nucleoside triphosphate
31
differentiate diff types of nitrogenous bases as double ring or single ring ?
purine-double ring pyrimidine single ring
32
what forms nucleic acids?
polymerization of mononucleotides
33
define phosphodiester bonds
linkage between two mono nucleotides consists of a phosphate group linked to 2 sugars forming a phosphodiester bon
34
how is DNA sequence read
from 5'-end(five prime end) to the 3'-end(three prime end)
35
how and who demonstrated that the dna molecule is a helix?
X-ray crystallography Franklin and Wilkins
36
what revealed Chargaff's rule
biochemical analysis of hydrolyzed samples of DNA revealed
37
what is char-gaff's rule?
1. the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine:(A=T) 2.the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine :(G=T)
38
name the key player in dna story
Rosalind Franklin Maurice wilkins Francis crick James Watson
39
DNA is in the form of ______
Double-stranded Helix
40
who proposes that structure of dna is in a double stranded helix?
James Watson, Francis Crick
41
DNA molecule consists of 2 strands what are __________ to each other
antiparallel
42
nitrogenous bases concepts the strands in the middle through_________
H bonds
43
the bases in 2 strands are complementary to each other via ________.
base pairing
44
why are they referred to as double helix?
2 strands are twisted(coiled) to the right
45
RNA structure
single strand polynucleotide(sometimes folded upon itself to form base pairing)
46
what sugar molecule is present in RNA
ribose instead of deoxyribose
47
what are the 3 major types of RNA
MESSENGER RNA(mRNA) TRANSFER RNA(tRNA) RIBOSOME RNA(rRNA)
48
Define mRNA
transcript of the gene carries info for the synthesis of proteins
49
define transfer RNA
transports amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to ribosome
50
_________ functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language.
Transfer RNA(tRNA)
51
________- is the most abundant type of RNA
Ribosome RNA
52
define ribosome rna
together with proteins forms the most structure of ribosomes.
53
how Is the genetic material coded in the DNA molecule
the info must lie on the linear sequences of the nitrogenous bases i.e., the arrangement of bases
54
how is info passes on from 1 cell to another during mitosis
it must be because of the complementary base pairing of nitrogenous bases, that one strand serves as a template to form a new strand(DNA replication)
55
how does the genetic material function
DNA passes on its info (transcription) where is this used in cell function.

Bio120 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions