GENETICS Lecture 7a+7b Flashcards
THE FOUNDER OF GENETICS?
Gregor mendel(1822-1884)
What is genetics?
branch of biology concerned with heredity and variation of inherited characteristics.
who is the father of medicine and what was his idea of genetics?
HIPPOCRATES (500-400b.c)
Pan genesis- particles called pangenes travel from each part of an organism’s body to the egg/sperm, and are then passed to the offspring.
what was Aristotle’s perspective about Hippocrates Pan genesis?
rather than the particles of the organs itself, the formers inherited characteristics were formed from blood.
According to Aristotle, Blood’s __________ had the capacity to produce offspring of the same form, not because it already contained all parts in miniature.
VITAL HEAT
What is the “Theory of Epigenesis” and who proposed it?
WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1657),ENGLISH ANATOMIST
An organism is derived from substances present in the egg, which differentiate into adult structure during embryonic development.
What is the “Atomic theory” and who proposed it?
JOHN DALTON 1808
All matter is composed of small invisible units called atoms.
What is “Germ(cel) Theory” and who proposed it?
LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)
All organism are composed of basic visible units called cells, which are derived from pre-existing cells.
What is the “FIXITY OF SPECIES” and who proposed it?
CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707-1778)
member of species can only give rise to other member of species, thus implying that all species are independently created.
What do u mean by “The inheritance of acquired characteristics” and who proposed it?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
that traits acquired by an organism during its lifetime can be passed on to its offspring..
What the “the theory of origin of species” and who proposed it?
CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882)
EVOLUTION-Descent with modification
-Species change over time, give rise to new species and share a common ancestor.
what is the “Blending theory of Inheritance”?
Hereditary traits blend evenly in offspring, through mixing of the parent’s blood.
Offspring inherits the average of the parent’s characteristic value.
when did Gregor experimented with garden peas?
1860s
what were characters and traits for Mendel?
CHARACTER-variety of heritable characteristics-seed shape, flower colour
TRAITS-variation in a character-purple flower, white flower
what did Mendel establish about genes?
Characters are passed into offspring in the form of discrete hereditary factors, known as genes.
the principle of inheritance were first demonstrated by ______.
Gregor Johann Mendel
-1st scientist to effectively apply quantitive methods to the study of inheritance.
Two major discoveries of Mendel?
-PRINCIPLE OF SEGREGATION
-PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
WHAT ARE ALLELES?
alternative form of genes, which may have diff DNA sequence and may produce diff traits of a same character(white or purple flower)
DIPLOID?
Organism with 2 copy of each chromosomes
the two alleles of a gene in a diploid individual maybe ______ or ________.
identical or different
Mendel called the masking effect as ______.
Dominance
what 3 hypothesis are supported by Mendel’s crossed?
-one factor for each parent.
-one is dominant over the other.
-gene segregate,enter gametes singly.
NAME THE PRINCIPLES OF MENDEL FOR CHOOSING PEA PLANT FOR HIS EXPERIMENT?
-easily cultivated in garden
-many varieties- distinguishable traits
-diploid
-self pollinated in nature
-can be cross pollinated by hands, both self and cross pollination possible
PHENOTYPE?
Physical appearance of an organism-traits-appearance, development, biochemical and psychological properties, behaviour