Bio 120 Lecture 5 origin of life

Question 1

Name 7 key characteristics or functions shared by living organisms?
(emergent properties)

Answer 1

1.display order
2.sensitivity or response to the environment.
3.Reproduction
4.growth and development
5.regulation
6.Homeostasis-ex sweating
7.Energy processing

Question 2

are viruses considered to be living organisms?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

how do viruses reproduce?

Answer 3

inside the cells of living hosts

Question 4

what are viruses made up of?

Answer 4

outer protein coat that encases genetic material(DNA or RNA)

Question 5

D virus replicate?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

virus _______ to the environment?

Answer 6

adapt

Question 7

how do virus evolve ?

Answer 7

through changes in their genetic material (DNA or RNA)

Question 8

are viruses made up of cells and grow?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

virus make their own energy,TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 9

FALSE

Question 10

What is OPARIN-HALDANE THEORY?

Answer 10

organic molecules can be formed from abiogenic materials in the presence of an external energy

Question 11

who was involved in the Miller-Urey experiment and what did they identify?

Answer 11

Stanley miller and harold Urey(supervised)
identifies a variety of organic molecules.

Question 12

name some organic molecules identified by the miller- urey experiment?

Answer 12

formaldehyde(CH20), amino acids, hydrocarbons

Question 13

what are hydrocarbons

Answer 13

long chain of hydrogens and carbons

Question 14

what did miller contribute about synthesis of organic molecules?

Answer 14

abiotically - a way that involves the absence of life or the absence of living forms.
simple organic molecules, including amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, could be synthesized from inorganic compounds such as water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen, under conditions thought to resemble the early Earth’s atmosphere.

Question 15

what were some diff hypotheses on the origin of life?

Answer 15

Reducing atmosphere
deep-sea vents
Extraterrestrial

Question 16

principle producer of both oxygen and organic matter on earth.

Answer 16

oxygenic photosynthesis

Question 17

what Is the assumption on origin of oxygenic photosynthesis?

Answer 17

in an ancestor of cyanobacteria

Question 18

what was considered as the most important metabolic innovation in earth history?

Answer 18

Origin of oxygenic photosynthesis

Question 19

name some areas that were helped from origin of oxygenic photosynthesis?

Answer 19

generate energy
reducing power directly from sunlight and water

Question 20

what lead to rise of oxygen

Answer 20

release of o2 as an end product of water oxidation

Question 21

what dramatically altered the redox state of earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 21

release of O2 as an end product of water oxidation

Question 22

what allowed the evolution of AEROBIC RESPIRATION?

Answer 22

Biological availability of O2.

Question 23

what is SYMBIOSIS?

Answer 23

Relationship in which organisms from two separate species live together.

Question 24

ENDOSYMBIONT

Answer 24

type of symbiosis-one organism lives inside the other.

Question 25

Endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 25

eukaryotic engulfed prokaryotic mitochondria and chloroplast then with time became imp organelles

Question 26

what is the theory about mitochondria and chloroplast?

Answer 26

both organelles were once free-living cells, prokaryotes that ended up inside of the other cells(host cells) either by being eaten(phagocytosis) or by being parasites of the host cell.

Question 27

what were mitochondria and chloroplast evaluated from?

Answer 27

aerobic bacteria-mitochondria
photosynthetic bacteria-chloroplasts

Question 28

name some evidence supporting the endosymbiosis process that underlies the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast?

Answer 28

1.plastids divide-process similar to the division of some free living bacteria.
2. both have double membranes and
ribosomes.
3. personal DNA that is diff from plant cell DNA.
4.genes matched those of prokaryotes.

Question 29

molecular biology?

Answer 29

that tells which 2 related organisms came way back from a common ancestor through DNA sequencing.

Question 30

HOMEOSTASIS?

Answer 30

Is a self regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

Question 31

what was miller- urey experiment?

Answer 31

simulation of conditions on the early earth testing the idea that life, or more specifically organic molecules, could have formed by nothing more than simple chemical reactions

Question 32

autotroph vs phototroph

Answer 32

autotrophs are the organisms which can make their own food while phototrophs specifically use light.

Question 33

extremophile

Answer 33

organism able to live in extreme conditions

Question 34

Define “HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER”

Answer 34

A process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring..

Question 35

why are viruses not considered true living organisms?

Answer 35

not made out of cells, can’t keep themselves in a stable state, don’t grow , can’t make their own energy.