Bio 120 Lecture 5 origin of life Flashcards
Name 7 key characteristics or functions shared by living organisms?
(emergent properties)
1.display order
2.sensitivity or response to the environment.
3.Reproduction
4.growth and development
5.regulation
6.Homeostasis-ex sweating
7.Energy processing
are viruses considered to be living organisms?
no
how do viruses reproduce?
inside the cells of living hosts
what are viruses made up of?
outer protein coat that encases genetic material(DNA or RNA)
D virus replicate?
yes
virus _______ to the environment?
adapt
how do virus evolve ?
through changes in their genetic material (DNA or RNA)
are viruses made up of cells and grow?
NO
virus make their own energy,TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE
What is OPARIN-HALDANE THEORY?
organic molecules can be formed from abiogenic materials in the presence of an external energy
who was involved in the Miller-Urey experiment and what did they identify?
Stanley miller and harold Urey(supervised)
identifies a variety of organic molecules.
name some organic molecules identified by the miller- urey experiment?
formaldehyde(CH20), amino acids, hydrocarbons
what are hydrocarbons
long chain of hydrogens and carbons
what did miller contribute about synthesis of organic molecules?
abiotically - a way that involves the absence of life or the absence of living forms.
simple organic molecules, including amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, could be synthesized from inorganic compounds such as water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen, under conditions thought to resemble the early Earth’s atmosphere.
what were some diff hypotheses on the origin of life?
Reducing atmosphere
deep-sea vents
Extraterrestrial
principle producer of both oxygen and organic matter on earth.
oxygenic photosynthesis
what Is the assumption on origin of oxygenic photosynthesis?
in an ancestor of cyanobacteria
what was considered as the most important metabolic innovation in earth history?
Origin of oxygenic photosynthesis
name some areas that were helped from origin of oxygenic photosynthesis?
generate energy
reducing power directly from sunlight and water
what lead to rise of oxygen
release of o2 as an end product of water oxidation
what dramatically altered the redox state of earth’s atmosphere?
release of O2 as an end product of water oxidation
what allowed the evolution of AEROBIC RESPIRATION?
Biological availability of O2.
what is SYMBIOSIS?
Relationship in which organisms from two separate species live together.
ENDOSYMBIONT
type of symbiosis-one organism lives inside the other.
Endosymbiotic theory?
eukaryotic engulfed prokaryotic mitochondria and chloroplast then with time became imp organelles
what is the theory about mitochondria and chloroplast?
both organelles were once free-living cells, prokaryotes that ended up inside of the other cells(host cells) either by being eaten(phagocytosis) or by being parasites of the host cell.
what were mitochondria and chloroplast evaluated from?
aerobic bacteria-mitochondria
photosynthetic bacteria-chloroplasts
name some evidence supporting the endosymbiosis process that underlies the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast?
1.plastids divide-process similar to the division of some free living bacteria.
2. both have double membranes and
ribosomes.
3. personal DNA that is diff from plant cell DNA.
4.genes matched those of prokaryotes.
molecular biology?
that tells which 2 related organisms came way back from a common ancestor through DNA sequencing.
HOMEOSTASIS?
Is a self regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.
what was miller- urey experiment?
simulation of conditions on the early earth testing the idea that life, or more specifically organic molecules, could have formed by nothing more than simple chemical reactions
autotroph vs phototroph
autotrophs are the organisms which can make their own food while phototrophs specifically use light.
extremophile
organism able to live in extreme conditions
Define “HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER”
A process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring..
why are viruses not considered true living organisms?
not made out of cells, can’t keep themselves in a stable state, don’t grow , can’t make their own energy.
